{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:45:32Z","timestamp":1790639132934,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,15]],"date-time":"2000-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":974246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n            converts benzoate to catechol using two enzymes that are encoded on the chromosome and whose expression is induced by benzoate. Benzoate also binds to the regulator XylS to induce expression of the TOL (toluene degradation) plasmid-encoded\n            <jats:italic>meta<\/jats:italic>\n            pathway operon for benzoate and methylbenzoate degradation. Finally, benzoate represses the ability of\n            <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n            to transport 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-HBA) by preventing transcription of\n            <jats:italic>pcaK<\/jats:italic>\n            , the gene encoding the 4-HBA permease. Here we identified a gene,\n            <jats:italic>benR<\/jats:italic>\n            , as a regulator of benzoate, methylbenzoate, and 4-HBA degradation genes. A\n            <jats:italic>benR<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant isolated by random transposon mutagenesis was unable to grow on benzoate. The deduced amino acid sequence of BenR showed high similarity (62% identity) to the sequence of XylS, a member of the AraC family of regulators. An additional seven genes located adjacent to\n            <jats:italic>benR<\/jats:italic>\n            were inferred to be involved in benzoate degradation based on their deduced amino acid sequences. The\n            <jats:italic>benABC<\/jats:italic>\n            genes likely encode benzoate dioxygenase, and\n            <jats:italic>benD<\/jats:italic>\n            likely encodes 2-hydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase.\n            <jats:italic>benK<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>benF<\/jats:italic>\n            were assigned functions as a benzoate permease and porin, respectively. The possible function of a final gene,\n            <jats:italic>benE<\/jats:italic>\n            , is not known.\n            <jats:italic>benR<\/jats:italic>\n            activated expression of a\n            <jats:italic>benA-lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            reporter fusion in response to benzoate. It also activated expression of a\n            <jats:italic>meta<\/jats:italic>\n            cleavage operon promoter-\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            fusion inserted in an\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            chromosome. Third,\n            <jats:italic>benR<\/jats:italic>\n            was required for benzoate-mediated repression of\n            <jats:italic>pcaK-lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            fusion expression. The\n            <jats:italic>benA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter region contains a direct repeat sequence that matches the XylS binding site previously defined for the\n            <jats:italic>meta<\/jats:italic>\n            cleavage operon promoter. It is likely that BenR binds to the promoter region of chromosomal benzoate degradation genes and plasmid-encoded methylbenzoate degradation genes to activate gene expression in response to benzoate. The action of BenR in repressing 4-HBA uptake is probably indirect.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.182.22.6339-6346.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1027764058000},"page":"6339-6346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["BenR, a XylS Homologue, Regulates Three Different Pathways of Aromatic Acid Degradation in\n            <i>Pseudomonas putida<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Cowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy N.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.17.4466-4474.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3.2.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.9.2493-2501.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.18.5943-5946.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.170.8.3742-3746.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Davis\nR. 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