{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:06:08Z","timestamp":1791104768146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The known 41 flagellar, chemotaxis, and motility genes of\n            <jats:italic>Sinorhizobium (Rhizobium) meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            contained in the \u201cflagellar regulon\u201d are organized as seven operons and six transcription units that map to a contiguous 45-kb chromosomal region. By probing gene expression on Western blots and with\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            fusions, we have identified two master regulatory genes,\n            <jats:italic>visN<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>visR<\/jats:italic>\n            , contained in one operon. The gene products probably form a heterodimer, VisNR, acting as a global transcription activator of other flagellar genes. The related 27-kDa VisN and VisR proteins are LuxR-type proteins with typical ligand- and DNA-binding domains. The\n            <jats:italic>vis<\/jats:italic>\n            operon itself is constitutively transcribed; however, to activate flagellar genes, VisNR seemingly requires the binding of a yet-unknown effector. Gene expression in tester strains with known deficiencies revealed a hierarchy of three classes of flagellar genes: class I comprises\n            <jats:italic>visN<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>visR<\/jats:italic>\n            ; class II, controlled by VisNR, comprises flagellar assembly (class IIA) and motor (class IIB) genes; and class III comprises flagellin and chemotaxis genes that require functional class I and class IIA genes for expression. In contrast to their enterobacterial counterparts,\n            <jats:italic>mot<\/jats:italic>\n            genes belong to class II without exerting control over class III genes. While the general hierarchy of gene expression resembles the enterobacterial scheme, the assignment of\n            <jats:italic>mot<\/jats:italic>\n            genes to class IIB and the global control by a LuxR-type VisNR activator are new features distinguishing the\n            <jats:italic>S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n            flagellar gene system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.182.3.782-788.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:09Z","timestamp":1027764069000},"page":"782-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["VisN and VisR Are Global Regulators of Chemotaxis, Flagellar, and Motility Genes in\n            <i>Sinorhizobium (Rhizobium) meliloti<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Sourjik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Lehrstuhl fu\u0308r Genetik, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Muschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Lehrstuhl fu\u0308r Genetik, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Lehrstuhl fu\u0308r Genetik, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru\u0308diger","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Lehrstuhl fu\u0308r Genetik, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11053","DOI":"10.1021\/bi960919o","article-title":"Structure of the Escherichia coli response regulator NarL","volume":"35","author":"Baikalov I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baikalov I. 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