{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:30:24Z","timestamp":1791423024637,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]],"date-time":"2001-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1005782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Posttranscriptional control is known to contribute to the regulation of secondary metabolism and virulence determinants in certain gram-negative bacteria. Here we report the isolation of a\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene which encodes a global translational regulatory protein, RsmA (regulator of secondary metabolites). Overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of extracellular products, including protease, elastase, and staphylolytic (LasA protease) activity as well as the PA-IL lectin, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the phenazine pigment pyocyanin. While inactivation of\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    had only minor effects on the extracellular enzymes and the PA-IL lectin, the production of HCN and pyocyanin was enhanced during the exponential phase. The influence of RsmA on\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acylhomoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing was determined by assaying the levels of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) and\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanoylhomoserine lactone (C4-HSL) produced by the\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant and the\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -overexpressing strain. RsmA exerted a negative effect on the synthesis of both 3-oxo-C12-HSL and C4-HSL, which was confirmed by using\n                    <jats:italic>lasI<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>rhlI<\/jats:italic>\n                    translational fusions. These data also highlighted the temporal expression control of the\n                    <jats:italic>lasI<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, which was induced much earlier and to a higher level during the exponential growth phase in an\n                    <jats:italic>rsmA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant. To investigate whether RsmA modulates HCN production solely via quorum-sensing control,\n                    <jats:italic>hcn<\/jats:italic>\n                    translational fusions were employed to monitor the regulation of the cyanide biosynthesis genes (\n                    <jats:italic>hcnABC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). RsmA was shown to exert an additional negative effect on cyanogenesis posttranscriptionally by acting on a region surrounding the\n                    <jats:italic>hcnA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ribosome-binding site. This suggests that, in\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa,<\/jats:italic>\n                    RsmA functions as a pleiotropic posttranscriptional regulator of secondary metabolites directly and also indirectly by modulating the quorum-sensing circuitry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.183.22.6676-6683.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:03:59Z","timestamp":1027749839000},"page":"6676-6683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":328,"title":["The Global Posttranscriptional Regulator RsmA Modulates Production of Virulence Determinants and\n                    <i>N-<\/i>\n                    Acylhomoserine Lactones in\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Pessi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Biologie Microbienne, Universite\u0301 de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faye","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,2 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Institute of Infections and Immunity, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH,3 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe\u0308","family":"Hindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Heurlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Biologie Microbienne, Universite\u0301 de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T. G.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,2 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Institute of Infections and Immunity, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH,3 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ca\u0301mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Laboratoire de Biologie Microbienne, Universite\u0301 de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD,2 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Institute of Infections and Immunity, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH,3 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.14.3913-3919.2000","article-title":"A regulatory RNA (PrrB RNA) modulates expression of secondary metabolite genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113","volume":"182","author":"Aarons S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aarons S. Abbas A. Adams C. Fenton A. O'Gara F. A regulatory RNA (PrrB RNA) modulates expression of secondary metabolite genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113.J. Bacteriol.182200139133919","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14073","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14073","article-title":"Global GacA-steered control of cyanide and exoprotease production in Pseudomonas fluorescens involves specific ribosome binding sites","volume":"96","author":"Blumer C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blumer C. Heeb S. Pessi G. Haas D. Global GacA-steered control of cyanide and exoprotease production in Pseudomonas fluorescens involves specific ribosome binding sites.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA9619991407314078","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.24.7155-7163.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.46.441","article-title":"Autoregulation of carbapenem biosynthesis in Erwinia carotovora by analogues of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone","volume":"46","author":"Chabra S. R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chabra S. R. Stead P. Bainton N. J. Salmond G. P. C. Stewart G. S. A. B. Williams P. Bycroft B. W. Autoregulation of carbapenem biosynthesis in Erwinia carotovora by analogues of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone.J. Antibiot.461993441449","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.6.2294-2299.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.17.5108-5115.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erlich\nH. A.\nPCR technology.\n1989\nStockton Press\nNew York N.Y","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-20235-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.2000.13.2.232","article-title":"Small, stable shuttle vectors based on the minimal pVS1 replicon for use in gram-negative, plant-associated bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Heeb S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heeb S. Itoh Y. Nishijyo T. Schnider U. Keel C. Wade J. Walsh U. O'Gara F. Haas D. Small, stable shuttle vectors based on the minimal pVS1 replicon for use in gram-negative, plant-associated bacteria.Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact.132000232237","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00789.x","article-title":"In vitro biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone","volume":"28","author":"Jiang Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jiang Y. C\u00e1mara M. Chhabra S. R. Hardie K. H. Bycroft B. W. Lazdunski A. Salmond G. P. Stewart G. S. A. B. Williams P. In vitro biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone.Mol. Microbiol.281998193203","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53203-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00842.x","article-title":"A newly identified regulator is required for virulence and toxin production in Pseudomonas syringae.","volume":"28","author":"Kitten T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kitten T. Kinscherf T. G. McEvoy J. L. Willis D. K. A newly identified regulator is required for virulence and toxin production in Pseudomonas syringae. Mol. Microbiol. 28 1998 917 929","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17020333.x","article-title":"Multiple homologues of LuxR and LuxI control expression of virulence determinants and secondary metabolites through quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"17","author":"Latifi A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Latifi A. Winson M. K. Foglino M. Bycroft B. W. Stewart G. S. A. B. Lazdunski A. Williams P. Multiple homologues of LuxR and LuxI control expression of virulence determinants and secondary metabolites through quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.Mol. Microbiol.171995333343","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.00063.x","article-title":"A hierarchical quorum sensing cascade in Pseudomonas aeruginosa links the transcriptional activators LasR and RhlR (VsmR) to expression of the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS","volume":"21","author":"Latifi A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Latifi A. Foglino M. Tanaka K. Williams P. Lazdunski A. A hierarchical quorum sensing cascade in Pseudomonas aeruginosa links the transcriptional activators LasR and RhlR (VsmR) to expression of the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS.Mol. Microbiol.21199611371146","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.5.1562","article-title":"Global control in Pseudomonas fluorescens mediating antibiotic synthesis and suppression of black root rot of tobacco","volume":"89","author":"Laville J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Laville J. Voisard C. Keel C. Maurhofer M. Defago G. Haas D. Global control in Pseudomonas fluorescens mediating antibiotic synthesis and suppression of black root rot of tobacco.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA89199215621566","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.14.4639-4642.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.10.2663-2672.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00924.x","article-title":"Characterisation of a novel RNA regulator of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora that controls production of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolites","volume":"29","author":"Liu Y.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liu Y. Cui Y. Mukherjee A. Chatterjee A. K. Characterisation of a novel RNA regulator of Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora that controls production of extracellular enzymes and secondary metabolites.Mol. Microbiol.291998219234","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-12-3703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(84)90220-8","article-title":"Improved plasmid vectors for isolation of translational gene fusions","volume":"31","author":"Minton N. P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Minton N. P. Improved plasmid vectors for isolation of translational gene fusions.Gene311984269273","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.14.3629-3634.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00068-0","article-title":"Posttranscriptional control by global regulators of gene expression in bacteria","volume":"3","author":"Nogueira T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nogueira T. Springer M. Posttranscriptional control by global regulators of gene expression in bacteria.Curr. Opin. Microbiol.32000154158","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.10.3127-3132.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.24.6940-6949.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10695.x","article-title":"Dual control of hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis by the global activator GacA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"200","author":"Pessi G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pessi G. Haas D. Dual control of hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis by the global activator GacA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.FEMS Microbiol. Lett.20020017378","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3291701.x","article-title":"The global activator GacA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO positively controls the production of the autoinducer N-butyryl-homoserine lactone and the formation of the virulence factors pyocyanin, cyanide, and lipase","volume":"24","author":"Reimmann C.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reimmann C. Beyeler M. Latifi A. Winteler H. Foglino M. Lazdunski A. Haas D. The global activator GacA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO positively controls the production of the autoinducer N-butyryl-homoserine lactone and the formation of the virulence factors pyocyanin, cyanide, and lipase.Mol. Microbiol.241997309319","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01021.x","article-title":"Global regulation by the small RNA-binding protein CsrA and the noncoding RNA molecule CsrB","volume":"29","author":"Romeo T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romeo T. Global regulation by the small RNA-binding protein CsrA and the noncoding RNA molecule CsrB.Mol. Microbiol.29199813211330","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.15.4744-4755.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Sambrook\nJ.\nFritsch\nE. F.\nManiatis\nT.\nMolecular cloning: a laboratory manual\n2nd ed.\n1989\nCold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press\nCold Spring Harbor N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.3.654-659.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6036","article-title":"Detecting and characterizing N-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules by thin-layer chromatography","volume":"85","author":"Shaw P. D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shaw P. D. Ping G. Daly S. L. Cha C. Cronan J. E. Rinehart K. L. Farrand S. K. Detecting and characterizing N-acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules by thin-layer chromatography.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA85199760366041","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.13.3890-3897.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0404.980405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0607","article-title":"Quorum sensing and the population dependent control of virulence","volume":"355","author":"Williams P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williams P. Camara M. Hardman A. Swift S. Milton D. Hope V. J. Winzer K. Middleton B. Pritchard D. I. Bycroft B. W. Quorum sensing and the population dependent control of virulence.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Sect. B3552000667680","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Sect. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.22.6401-6411.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00110","article-title":"Quorum sensing and the regulation of virulence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"291","author":"Winzer K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Winzer K. Williams P. Quorum sensing and the regulation of virulence gene expression in pathogenic bacteria.Int. J. Med. Microbiol.2912001131143","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/jb.184.1.335.2002","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608422400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.183.22.6676-6683.2001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JB.183.22.6676-6683.2001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T14:00:46Z","timestamp":1627567246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JB.183.22.6676-6683.2001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JB.183.22.6676-6683.2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.183.22.6676-6683.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-08-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}