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Our results suggest that the tandem structures arise from dimeric copies of the donor or vector plasmid present in the population by a mechanism in which an IS<jats:italic>256<\/jats:italic>belonging to one Tn<jats:italic>4001<\/jats:italic>copy attacks an IS<jats:italic>256<\/jats:italic>end carried by the second Tn<jats:italic>4001<\/jats:italic>copy. The resulting structures carry abutted left (inverted left repeat [IRL]) and right (inverted right repeat [IRR]) IS<jats:italic>256<\/jats:italic>ends. Examination of the junction sequence suggested that it may form a relatively good promoter capable of driving transposase synthesis in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. This behavior resembles that of an increasing number of bacterial insertion sequences which generate integrative junctions as part of the transposition cycle. Sequence analysis of the IRL-IRR junctions demonstrated that attack of one end by the other is largely oriented (IRL attacks IRR). Our experiments also defined the functional tips of IS<jats:italic>256<\/jats:italic>as the tips predicted from sequence alignments, confirming that the terminal 4 bp at each end are indeed different. The appearance of these multiple plasmid and transposon forms indicates that care should be exercised when Tn<jats:italic>4001<\/jats:italic>is used in transposition mutagenesis. This is especially true when it is used with naturally transformable hosts, such as<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, in which reconstitution of the donor plasmid may select for higher-order multimers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.184.2.433-443.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:01:09Z","timestamp":1027764069000},"page":"433-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Diversity of Tn<i>4001<\/i>Transposition Products: the Flanking IS<i>256<\/i>Elements Can Form Tandem Dimers and IS Circles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Prudhomme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique Mole\u0301culaires, CNRS UMR5100, F31062 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Turlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique Mole\u0301culaires, CNRS UMR5100, F31062 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-P.","family":"Claverys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique Mole\u0301culaires, CNRS UMR5100, F31062 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique Mole\u0301culaires, CNRS UMR5100, F31062 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000866","volume":"58","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger, B., and D. 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