{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:08:45Z","timestamp":1791187725254,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,15]],"date-time":"2002-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            tRNA contains four naturally occurring nucleosides modified with sulfur. Cysteine is the intracellular sulfur source for each of these modified bases. We previously found that the\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, a member of the\n            <jats:italic>nifS<\/jats:italic>\n            cysteine desulfurase gene family, is required for 4-thiouridine biosynthesis in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . Since IscS does not bind tRNA, its role is the mobilization and distribution of sulfur to enzymes that catalyze the sulfur insertion steps. In addition to\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            contains two other\n            <jats:italic>nifS<\/jats:italic>\n            homologs,\n            <jats:italic>csdA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>csdB<\/jats:italic>\n            , each of which has cysteine desulfurase activity and could potentially donate sulfur for thionucleoside biosynthesis. Double\n            <jats:italic>csdA csdB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>iscS csdA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants were prepared or obtained, and all mutants were analyzed for thionucleoside content. It was found that unfractionated tRNA isolated from the\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain contained &lt;5% of the level of sulfur found in the parent strain. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of tRNA nuclease digests from the mutant strain grown in the presence of [\n            <jats:sup>35<\/jats:sup>\n            S]cysteine showed that only a small fraction of 2-thiocytidine was present, while the other thionucleosides were absent when cells were isolated during log phase. As expected, digests from the\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain contained 6-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -dimethylallyl adenosine (i\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            A) in place of 6-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -dimethylallyl-2-methylthioadenosine and 5-methylaminomethyl uridine (mnm\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            U) instead of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine. Prolonged growth of the\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>iscS csdA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strains revealed a gradual increase in levels of 2-thiocytidine and 6-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -dimethylallyl-2-methylthioadenosine with extended incubation (&gt;24 h), while the thiouridines remained absent. This may be due to a residual level of Fe-S cluster biosynthesis in\n            <jats:italic>iscS<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion strains. An overall scheme for thionucleoside biosynthesis in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            is discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.184.24.6820-6829.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,22]],"date-time":"2002-11-22T18:42:05Z","timestamp":1037990525000},"page":"6820-6829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Requirement for IscS in Biosynthesis of All Thionucleosides in\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Charles T.","family":"Lauhon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838299981529","volume":"5","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ashraf, S. 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