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Both mutants were unable to accumulate (p)ppGpp in response to amino acid starvation, whereas the wild-type strain accumulated (p)ppGpp within 30 min of stress induction. The induction of transcription of the<jats:italic>relA<\/jats:italic>gene after adhesion was demonstrated, suggesting that the ability to mount a stringent response and undergo physiological adaptation to nutrient deprivation is essential for the subsequent growth of the adhered bacteria. The absence of (p)ppGpp in the<jats:italic>hpt<\/jats:italic>mutant, which is blocked in the purine salvage pathway, is curious and suggests that a functional purine salvage pathway is required for the biosynthesis of (p)ppGpp. Both mutants were avirulent in a murine model of listeriosis, indicating an essential role for the stringent response in the survival and growth of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>in the host. Taken as a whole, this study provides new information on the role of the stringent response and the physiological adaptation of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>for biofilm growth and pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.184.3.621-628.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,23]],"date-time":"2009-04-23T18:32:58Z","timestamp":1240511578000},"page":"621-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["<i>Listeria monocytogenes relA<\/i>and<i>hpt<\/i>Mutants Are Impaired in Surface-Attached Growth and Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"Clare M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Beresford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry A. 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