{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:06:13Z","timestamp":1791291973207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,15]],"date-time":"2003-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1060905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To date, 24\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            genes (\n            <jats:italic>icm<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>dot<\/jats:italic>\n            genes) have been shown to be required for intercellular growth and host cell killing. A previous report indicated that the regulation of these genes is complicated and probably involves several regulatory proteins. In this study, a genetic screen performed in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            identified the CpxR response regulator as an activator of the\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Construction of an\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila cpxR<\/jats:italic>\n            insertion mutant showed that the expression of\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            is regulated by CpxR. In addition, a conserved CpxR binding site (GTAAA) was identified in the\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            regulatory region and\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            His-tagged CpxR protein was shown to bind to the\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            regulatory region using a mobility shift assay. Besides its dramatic effect on the\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            level of expression, the CpxR regulator was also found to affect the expression of the\n            <jats:italic>icmV-dotA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>icmW-icmX<\/jats:italic>\n            operons, but to a lesser extent. The role of CpxA, the cognate sensor kinase of CpxR, was also examined and its effect on the\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            level of expression was found to be less pronounced than the effect of CpxR. The RpoE sigma factor, which was shown to coregulate genes together with CpxR, was examined as well, but it did not influence\n            <jats:italic>icm<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>dot<\/jats:italic>\n            gene expression. In addition, when the\n            <jats:italic>cpxR<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain, in which the expression of the\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            gene was dramatically reduced, and the\n            <jats:italic>cpxA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>rpoE<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strains were examined for their ability to grow inside\n            <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n            and HL-60-derived human macrophages, no intracellular growth defect was observed. This study presents the first evidence for a direct regulator (CpxR) of an\n            <jats:italic>icm-dot<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence gene (\n            <jats:italic>icmR<\/jats:italic>\n            ). The CpxR regulator together with other regulatory factors probably concerts with the expression of\n            <jats:italic>icm<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>dot<\/jats:italic>\n            genes to result in successful infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.185.16.4908-4919.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T23:08:04Z","timestamp":1059779284000},"page":"4908-4919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Identification of CpxR as a Positive Regulator of\n            <i>icm<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>dot<\/i>\n            Virulence Genes of\n            <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Ohad","family":"Gal-Mor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. 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