{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:02:53Z","timestamp":1790730173896,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            , we identified a gene that would encode a protein highly similar to NorM of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n            (Y. Morita et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1778-1782, 1998). A nonpolar insertional mutation in either the gonococcal or meningococcal\n            <jats:italic>norM<\/jats:italic>\n            gene resulted in increased bacterial sensitivity to compounds harboring a quaternary ammonium on an aromatic ring (e.g., ethidium bromide, acriflavine hydrochloride, 2-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -methylellipticinium, and berberine). The presence of point mutations within the \u221235 region of a putative\n            <jats:italic>norM<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter or a likely ribosome binding site resulted in an increased resistance of gonococci and meningococci to the same compounds, as well as to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Structure-activity relationship studies with putative NorM substrates have found that a cationic moiety is essential for NorM recognition.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.185.3.1101-1106.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,18]],"date-time":"2003-01-18T00:04:17Z","timestamp":1042848257000},"page":"1101-1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["The NorM Efflux Pump of\n            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n            Recognizes Antimicrobial Cationic Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Corinne","family":"Rouquette-Loughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibacterial Molecular Sciences, Ann Arbor Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibacterial Molecular Sciences, Ann Arbor Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline T.","family":"Balthazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"},{"name":"Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"269","volume":"24","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2000. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the WHO Western Pacific region. The WHO Western Pacific Region Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme. Commun. Dis. Intell.24:269-271.","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"371","volume":"4","year":"1994","unstructured":"Belland, R. J., S. G. Morrison, C. Ison, and W. M. Huang. 1994. Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Mol. Microbiol.4:371-380.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.5.1374-1379.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01162.x","volume":"31","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brown, M. H., I. T. Paulsen, and R. A. Skurray. 1999. The multidrug efflux protein NorM is a prototype of a new family of transporters. Mol. 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