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Replication is already the target of many antiviral drugs, and viral recombinases are an attractive target for drug design, particularly for combination therapy with replication inhibitors, due to their important supporting role in viral growth. To dissect the molecular mechanisms of viral recombination, we and others previously identified a family of viral nucleases that comprise one component of a conserved, two-component viral recombination system. The nuclease component is related to the exonuclease of phage \u03bb and is common to viruses with linear double-stranded DNA genomes. To test the idea that these viruses have a common strategy for recombination and genome concatemerization, we isolated the previously uncharacterized<jats:italic>34.1<\/jats:italic>gene from<jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>phage SPP1, expressed it in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, purified the protein, and determined its enzymatic properties. Like \u03bb exonuclease, Chu (the product of<jats:italic>34.1<\/jats:italic>) forms an oligomer, is a processive alkaline exonuclease that digests linear double-stranded DNA in a Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-dependent reaction, and shows a preference for 5\u2032-phosphorylated DNA ends. A model for viral recombination, based on the phage \u03bb Red recombination system, is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.185.8.2465-2474.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T19:27:29Z","timestamp":1049225249000},"page":"2465-2474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Bacteriophage SPP1 Chu Is an Alkaline Exonuclease in the SynExo Family of Viral Two-Component Recombinases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Trina S.","family":"Vellani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00547-7","volume":"204","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alonso, J. 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