{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:38:31Z","timestamp":1779352711343,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Transcription of the cytosine deaminase (\n            <jats:italic>codBA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) operon of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            is regulated by nitrogen, with about three times more\n            <jats:italic>codBA<\/jats:italic>\n            expression in cells grown in nitrogen-limiting medium than in nitrogen-excess medium. \u03b2-Galactosidase expression from\n            <jats:italic>codBp-lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            operon fusions showed that the nitrogen assimilation control protein NAC was necessary for this regulation. In vitro transcription from the\n            <jats:italic>codBA<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter with purified RNA polymerase was stimulated by the addition of purified NAC, confirming that no other factors are required. Gel mobility shifts and DNase I footprints showed that NAC binds to a site centered at position \u221259 relative to the start site of transcription and that mutants that cannot bind NAC there cannot activate transcription. When a longer promoter region (positions \u2212120 to +67) was used, a double footprint was seen with a second 26-bp footprint separated from the first by a hypersensitive site. When a shorter fragment was used (positions \u221283 to +67), only the primary footprint was seen. Nevertheless, both the shorter and longer fragments showed NAC-mediated regulation in vivo. Cytosine deaminase expression in\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            was also regulated by nitrogen in a NAC-dependent manner.\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            differs from\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            in having two cytosine deaminase genes, an intervening open reading frame between the\n            <jats:italic>codB<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>codA<\/jats:italic>\n            orthologs, and a different response to hypoxanthine which increased\n            <jats:italic>cod<\/jats:italic>\n            expression in\n            <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            but decreased it in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.185.9.2920-2926.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,16]],"date-time":"2003-04-16T21:03:42Z","timestamp":1050527022000},"page":"2920-2926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Nitrogen Regulation of the\n            <i>codBA<\/i>\n            (Cytosine Deaminase) Operon from\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            by the Nitrogen Assimilation Control Protein, NAC"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Wilson B.","family":"Muse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00456087","volume":"152","year":"1989","unstructured":"Anderson, L., M. 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