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The present studies demonstrated that<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>encodes functional Pfs and LuxS enzymes for the breakdown of toxic products of methylation reactions. Consistent with those observations,<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>was shown to synthesize the end product 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD) during laboratory cultivation. DPD undergoes spontaneous rearrangements to produce a class of pheromones collectively named autoinducer 2 (AI-2). Addition of in vitro-synthesized DPD to cultured<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>resulted in differential expression of a distinct subset of proteins, including the outer surface lipoprotein VlsE. Although many bacteria can utilize the other LuxS product, homocysteine, for regeneration of methionine,<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>was found to lack such ability. It is hypothesized that<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>produces LuxS for the express purpose of synthesizing DPD and utilizes a form of that molecule as an AI-2 pheromone to control gene expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.187.9.3079-3087.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T21:47:59Z","timestamp":1113860879000},"page":"3079-3087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Synthesis of Autoinducer 2 by the Lyme Disease Spirochete,<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Babb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"von Lackum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Wattier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536"},{"name":"Agricultural Biotechnology Program, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00036-6","volume":"27","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anguita, J., M. 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