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In the present study, we identified an orthologous thymidylate synthase gene in the relapsing fever (RF) agent<jats:italic>Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>, located it in a 180-kb linear plasmid, and demonstrated its expression. The functions of the<jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi thyX<\/jats:italic>gene products were evaluated both in vivo, by complementation of a thymidylate synthase-deficient<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>mutant, and in vitro, by testing their activities after purification. The<jats:italic>B. hermsii thyX<\/jats:italic>gene complemented the<jats:italic>thyA<\/jats:italic>mutation in<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, and purified<jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>ThyX protein catalyzed the conversion of dTMP from dUMP. In contrast, the<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>ThyX protein had only weakly detectable activity in vitro, and the<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi thyX<\/jats:italic>gene did not provide complementation in vivo. The lack of activity of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>'s ThyX protein was associated with the substitution of a cysteine for a highly conserved arginine at position 91. The<jats:italic>B. hermsii thyX<\/jats:italic>locus was further distinguished by the downstream presence in the plasmid of orthologues of<jats:italic>nrdI<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>nrdE<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>nrdF<\/jats:italic>, which encode the subunits of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and which are not present in the LB agents<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Borrelia garinii<\/jats:italic>. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the<jats:italic>nrdIEF<\/jats:italic>cluster of<jats:italic>B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>was acquired by horizontal gene transfer. These findings indicate that<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>spp. causing RF have a greater capability for de novo pyrimidine synthesis than those causing LB, thus providing a basis for some of the biological differences between the two groups of pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.188.3.909-918.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T17:27:29Z","timestamp":1137778049000},"page":"909-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Function and Evolution of Plasmid-Borne Genes for Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in<i>Borrelia<\/i>spp"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and of Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Skouloubris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Sud, Institut de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, INSERM Avenir Group, CNRS UMR8621, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyuan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and of Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Myllykallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Sud, Institut de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Microbiologie, INSERM Avenir Group, CNRS UMR8621, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan G.","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and of Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24094"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"153","volume":"5","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barbour, A. 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