{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:11:12Z","timestamp":1791108672481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]],"date-time":"2006-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In the environment, the gram-positive bacterium\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            persists as a metabolically dormant endospore. Upon inoculation into the host the endospores germinate and outgrow into vegetative bacilli able to cause disease. The dramatic morphogenic changes to the bacterium during germination and outgrowth are numerous and include major rearrangement of and modifications to the bacterial surface. Such modifications occur during a time in the\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            infectious cycle when the bacterium must guard against a multitude of innate immune mediators. The\n            <jats:italic>dltABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            locus of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            encodes a cell wall\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -alanine esterification system that is initiated by transcriptional activation during endospore outgrowth. The level of transcription from the\n            <jats:italic>dltABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            operon determined\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            resistance to cationic antibacterial peptides during vegetative growth and cationic peptide, enzymatic, and cellular mediators of innate immunity during outgrowth. Mutation of\n            <jats:italic>dltABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            was also attenuating in a mouse model of infection. We propose that the\n            <jats:italic>dltABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            locus is important for protection of endosporeforming bacteria from environmental assault during outgrowth and that such protection may be critical during the establishment phase of anthrax.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.188.4.1301-1309.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T19:40:30Z","timestamp":1138822830000},"page":"1301-1309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The\n            <i>dltABCD<\/i>\n            Operon of\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            Sterne Is Required for Virulence and Resistance to Peptide, Enzymatic, and Cellular Mediators of Innate Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Shetron-Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Herring-Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Program in Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02723.x","volume":"43","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abachin, E., C. 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