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In spite of the important role of pXO1 in anthrax pathogenesis, very little is known about its replication and maintenance in<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>. We cloned a 5-kb region of the pXO1 plasmid into an<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>vector and showed that this plasmid can replicate when introduced into<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Mutational analysis showed that open reading frame 45 (<jats:italic>repX<\/jats:italic>) of pXO1 was required for the replication of the miniplasmid in<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly,<jats:italic>repX<\/jats:italic>showed limited homology to bacterial FtsZ proteins that are involved in cell division. A mutation in the predicted GTP binding domain of RepX abolished its replication activity. Genes almost identical to<jats:italic>repX<\/jats:italic>are contained on several megaplasmids in members of the<jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>group, including a<jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>strain that causes an anthrax-like disease. Our results identify a novel group of FtsZ-related initiator proteins that are required for the replication of virulence plasmids in<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>and possibly in related organisms. Such replication proteins may provide novel drug targets for the elimination of plasmids encoding the anthrax toxin and other virulence factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.188.8.2829-2835.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,3]],"date-time":"2006-04-03T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1144105675000},"page":"2829-2835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["A Novel FtsZ-Like Protein Is Involved in Replication of the Anthrax Toxin-Encoding pXO1 Plasmid in<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Eowyn","family":"Tinsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry and Graduate Program in Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, East 1240 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleem A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry and Graduate Program in Molecular Virology and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, East 1240 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.5082-5095.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2736-2743.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2003.09.005","volume":"13","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carballido-Lopez, R., and J. 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