{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:37:29Z","timestamp":1784194649840,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1961,8,1]],"date-time":"1961-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-265680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1961,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:sc>Nigg, Clara<\/jats:sc>\n            (University of California, Berkeley),\n            <jats:sc>and Margaret M. Johnston<\/jats:sc>\n            . Complement fixation test in experimental clinical and subclinical melioidosis. J. Bacteriol.\n            <jats:bold>82:<\/jats:bold>\n            159\u2013168. 1961.\u2014Soluble stable antigens prepared from\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n            gave 4+ complement fixation reactions in a dilution of 1 to 8,000 when tested with specific rabbit antiserum diluted 1 to 10,000.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The complement fixation reaction was positive in 100% of experimentally infected rabbits 9 to 11 days postinfection. Infected guinea pigs and monkeys showed similar results.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            Monkeys inoculated with very small infecting doses of\n            <jats:italic>P. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n            developed positive complement fixation reactions in the absence of clinical manifestation of infection. An anamnestic complement-fixing antibody response could be induced in such monkeys, after the titer had dropped to approximately the preinfection level, by inoculating very small doses of viable\n            <jats:italic>P. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>\n            or larger doses of killed melioidosis vaccine.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The complement fixation test described appeared to be both sensitive and specific, and should be of value in human melioidosis which cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations alone.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>It is suggested that subclinical infections may play a role in the epidemiology of human meliodosis. The potential application of the complement fixation test to serological surveys in areas where melioidosis occurs endemically is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.82.2.159-168.1961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T21:20:01Z","timestamp":1578086401000},"page":"159-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN EXPERIMENTAL CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL MELIOIDOSIS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Clara","family":"Nigg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Biological Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Biological Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"ALAIN M. J. SAINT-ETIENNE AND V. REYNES. 1949. Le melioidose; consid 6rations 6tiologi-ques cliniques et pathogeniques a propos de 28 cas. Med. trop. 9:119-142."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/24.8.934","article-title":"Effect of calcium ion on the Kolmer complement fixation test","volume":"24","author":"BROWNE A. S.","year":"1954","unstructured":"BROWNE , A. S. , M. M. MICHELBACHER , A ND E . M. COFFEY. 1954 . Effect of calcium ion on the Kolmer complement fixation test . Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 24 : 934 - 945 .","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"BRYGOO E. R. 1953. Contribution a l'etude des agglutinines naturelles pour le bacille de Whitmore. Les agglutinines specifiques dans quelques cas de melioidose. Bull. soc. pathol. exotique 46:347-352."},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"229","article-title":"Isolement du bacille de Whitmore A partir du milieu exterieur. Ann. inst","volume":"89","author":"CHAMBON L.","year":"1955","unstructured":"CHAMBON , L. 1955 . Isolement du bacille de Whitmore A partir du milieu exterieur. Ann. inst . Pasteur 89 : 229 - 235 .","journal-title":"Pasteur"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/86.1.46","article-title":"Immunologic studies with Malleomyces mallei and Malleomnyces pseudomallei. I. Serological relationships between M. mallei and M. pseudomallei","volume":"86","author":"CRAVITZ L.","year":"1950","unstructured":"CRAVITZ , L. , AND W. R. MILLER. 1950 . Immunologic studies with Malleomyces mallei and Malleomnyces pseudomallei. I. Serological relationships between M. mallei and M. pseudomallei . J. Infectious Disease 86 : 46 - 51 .","journal-title":"J. Infectious Disease"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"37","article-title":"Melioidosis in a European","volume":"2","author":"DENNY C. R.","year":"1927","unstructured":"DENNY , C. R. , AND L. NICHOLLS. 1927 . Melioidosis in a European . Ceylon J. Sci. (Sec. D.) 2 : 37 - 40 .","journal-title":"Ceylon J. Sci. (Sec. D.)"},{"key":"p_7","first-page":"296","article-title":"Rapid recovery in a case of melioidosis","volume":"4","author":"DUNLOP S. J.","year":"1952","unstructured":"DUNLOP , S. J. C. 1952 . Rapid recovery in a case of melioidosis . Documenta Med. Geograph. et Trop. 4 : 296 - 300 .","journal-title":"Documenta Med. Geograph. et Trop."},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"FOURNIER J. P. DE LAJUDIE AND L. CHAMBON. 1953. Recherches sur les proc 6d&s de laboratoire applicables au diagnostic de la melioidose. Meid. trop. 13:683-697."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(48)90219-0","article-title":"Melioidosis treated with sulphonamides and penicillin","volume":"254","author":"HARRIES E. J.","year":"1948","unstructured":"HARRIES , E. J. , A. A. G. LEWIS , J. W. B. WARING , A ND E . J. DOWLING. 1948 . Melioidosis treated with sulphonamides and penicillin . Lancet 254 : 363 - 366 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"543","article-title":"Chemotherapy of experimental melioidosis in mice","volume":"8","author":"HEZEBICKS M. M.","year":"1958","unstructured":"HEZEBICKS , M. M. , AND C. NIGG. 1958 . Chemotherapy of experimental melioidosis in mice . Antibiotics & Chemotherapy 8 : 543 - 560 .","journal-title":"Antibiotics & Chemotherapy"},{"key":"p_11","unstructured":"KABAT E. A. AND M. M. MAYER. 1948. Experimental immunochemistry p. 107. Charles C Thomas Springfield Ill."},{"key":"p_12","first-page":"662","article-title":"Melioidose A forme septicemique suraiguie, consecutive a un violent traumatisme et souillure des plaies par boue de riziere","volume":"15","author":"LEMOINE H.","year":"1937","unstructured":"LEMOINE , H. , AND NGUYEN -Duc- KHOI . 1937 . Melioidose A forme septicemique suraiguie, consecutive a un violent traumatisme et souillure des plaies par boue de riziere . Btull. Soc. Med. Chir. Indochine 15 : 662 - 664 .","journal-title":"Btull. Soc. Med. Chir. Indochine"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"1259","article-title":"M61ioidose a forme septicemique suraigue","volume":"13","author":"MARQUE E.","year":"1935","unstructured":"MARQUE , E. , AND J. RAYNAL. 1935 . M61ioidose a forme septicemique suraigue . Bull. Soc. Med. Chir. Indochine 13 : 1259 - 1263 .","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Med. Chir. Indochine"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.88.4.427","article-title":"Kinetic studies on immune hemolysis. I. A method","volume":"88","author":"MAYER M. M.","year":"1948","unstructured":"MAYER , M. M. , C. C. CROFT , A ND M . M. GRAY. 1948 . Kinetic studies on immune hemolysis. I. A method . J. Exptl. Med. 88 : 427 - 444 .","journal-title":"J. Exptl. Med."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.71.5.530-541.1956","article-title":"Enhancement of virulence of Malleoinyces pseudomallei","volume":"71","author":"NIGG C., J.","year":"1956","unstructured":"NIGG , C., J. RUCH , E. SCOTT , A ND K . NOBLE , 1956 . Enhancement of virulence of Malleoinyces pseudomallei . J. Bacteriol. 71 : 530 - 541 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_16","unstructured":"PONs R. 1930. La m61ioidose maladie commune A l'homme aux rongeurs et aux equides. Bull. soc. pathol. exotique 23:210-215."},{"key":"p_17","first-page":"810","article-title":"Chr-onic systemic melioidosis. Review of literature and report of a case with a note on visual disturbance due to chloramphenicol","volume":"23","author":"PREVATT A. L.","year":"1957","unstructured":"PREVATT , A. L. , AND J. S. HUNT. 1957 . Chr-onic systemic melioidosis. 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