{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:10:59Z","timestamp":1773681059784,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1963,3,1]],"date-time":"1963-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-215827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1963,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:sc>Clapper<\/jats:sc>\n            , W. E. (The Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, N.M.)\n            <jats:sc>and G. H. Meade<\/jats:sc>\n            . Normal flora of the nose, throat, and lower intestine of dogs. J. Bacteriol.\n            <jats:bold>85:<\/jats:bold>\n            643\u2013648. 1963.\u2014An attempt was made to isolate and identify the complete normal flora of the rectum, nose, and throat of beagles. For primary isolation, 12 different kinds of media were used. Incubation of blood agar plates and slants anaerobically, and of thioglycolate broth aerobically, allowed the growth of obligate anaerobes. From the rectal specimens, 20 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and identified. The organisms were similar to those found in the human intestine.\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:italic>\n            , enterococci,\n            <jats:italic>S. lactis, Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            species, and coliforms other than\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            were most frequently encountered. The frequency of occurrence was approximately the same at both samplings in more commonly cultured bacteria. Pathogenic\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            were isolated from nearly one-third of the first specimens. These were the only human pathogens observed. In the throat cultures, 29 species of bacteria and 2 species of yeasts were identified, and 27 species of bacteria were identified from the nasal cultures.\n            <jats:italic>S. mitis, Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n            , and coagulase-negative\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            were most often isolated. The flora was similar to that found in human nose and throat cultures, except that more\n            <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>\n            and pneumococcus and fewer coliforms are generally found in human throats. Organisms resembling human pathogens were group A streptococci and coagulase-positive staphylococci. These were isolated infrequently. It appears that this kind of examination would reveal any significant changes in normal flora that might be related to the health of the animal.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.85.3.643-648.1963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T21:25:26Z","timestamp":1578086726000},"page":"643-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["NORMAL FLORA OF THE NOSE, THROAT, AND LOWER INTESTINE OF DOGS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"W. E.","family":"Clapper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. H.","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-89-21825","article-title":"Effect of x-irradiation on cecal flora of the rat","volume":"89","author":"BEI E. J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"BEI , E. J. , J. G. CONEGLIO , A ND G . W. HUDSON. 1955 . Effect of x-irradiation on cecal flora of the rat . Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 89 : 404 - 406 .","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/BR.24.1.35-40.1960","article-title":"Influence of irradiation on resistance to infection","volume":"24","author":"BENACERRAF B.","year":"1960","unstructured":"BENACERRAF , B. 1960 . 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