{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:04:38Z","timestamp":1756994678911},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1963,4,1]],"date-time":"1963-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-213148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1963,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:sc>Ross, Martin<\/jats:sc>R. (Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford)<jats:sc>and Earle K. Borman<\/jats:sc>. Direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody techniques for the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum-trachoma group of agents. J. Bacteriol.<jats:bold>85:<\/jats:bold>851\u2013858. 1963.\u2014Direct and indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) techniques were developed for the detection of group antigen in infected tissue cultures and the titration of group antibody in human antiserum. The growth of the agent of meningopneumonitis (MP) in mouse embryo lung cell monolayers was followed by infectivity and complement-fixing (CF) antigen titrations, and cytological examination of FA stained cultures. Although infectivity and CF antigen reached a peak at 2 days and remained constant for an additional 3 days, only cells tested 2 to 3 days after infection were suitable for FA staining with labeled anti-MP serum because of excessive artifacts in the older cultures. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rooster and guinea pig anti-MP serums and human antipsittacosis serums were titrated in direct FA and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. The rooster conjugate showed brighter staining and higher antibody titers than the guinea pig or human conjugates and was more effective in detecting minimal amounts of virus antigen. FA staining reactions with 1 and 2 units of labeled rooster serum were inhibited by unlabeled rooster serum but clear-cut inhibition with human antipsittacosis serum could not be demonstrated. The indirect FA technique was successfully used for the titration of group antibody in human serum. A comparison of the indirect FA, HI, and CF tests showed the indirect FA technique to be intermediate in sensitivity between the HI and CF tests. None of the three tests showed significant cross reactions with human serums reactive for influenza A and B; parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3; respiratory syncytial virus; Q fever; or the primary atypical pneumonia agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.85.4.851-858.1963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T21:25:42Z","timestamp":1578086742000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["DIRECT AND INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TECHNIQUES FOR THE PSITTACOSIS-LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM-TRACHOMA GROUP OF AGENTS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Division, Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Earle K.","family":"Borman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Division, Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.79.2.159","article-title":"A virus causing pneumonia in cats and producing elementary bodies","volume":"79","author":"BAKER J. 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The isolation and identification of ornithosis infection in turkeys by tissue culture and immunocytochemical staining . Am. J. Vet. Res. 19 : 950 - 954 .","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.68.2.147","article-title":"An unidentified virus producing acute meningitis and pneumonitis in experimental animals","volume":"68","author":"FRANCIS T.","year":"1938","unstructured":"FRANCIS , T. , JR ., AND T. P. MAGILL. 1938 . An unidentified virus producing acute meningitis and pneumonitis in experimental animals . J. Exptl. Med. 68 : 147 - 160 .","journal-title":"J. Exptl. Med."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(55)90038-6","article-title":"The properties and chemical nature of the psittacosis virus hemagglutinin","volume":"1","author":"GOGOLAK F. M.","year":"1955","unstructured":"GOGOLAK , F. M. , AND M. R. Ross. 1955 . The properties and chemical nature of the psittacosis virus hemagglutinin . Virology 1 : 474 - 496 .","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"HANKS J. H. D. W. FAWCETT W. F. SCHERER J. LEIGHTON AND K. R. PORTER. 1955. An introduction to cell and tissue culture p. 120. Burgess Publishing Co. Minneapolis."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.66.1.115","article-title":"The indirect complement fixation, hemagglutination and conglutinating complement absorption tests for viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group","volume":"66","author":"HILLEMAN M. R.","year":"1951","unstructured":"HILLEMAN , M. R. , D. A. HAIG , A ND R . J. HELMOLD. 1951 . The indirect complement fixation, hemagglutination and conglutinating complement absorption tests for viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group . J. Immunol. 66 : 115 - 130 .","journal-title":"J. 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