{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T11:51:38Z","timestamp":1726141898143},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1964,3,1]],"date-time":"1964-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-184204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1964,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:sc>Noyes, Howard<\/jats:sc>\n            E. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.),\n            <jats:sc>William L. Pritchard, Floyd B. Brinkley, and Janice A. Mendelson<\/jats:sc>\n            . Analyses of wound exudates for clostridial toxins. J. Bacteriol.\n            <jats:bold>87:<\/jats:bold>\n            623\u2013629. 1964.\u2014Earlier studies indicated that death of goats with traumatic wounds of the hindquarter could be related to the number of clostridia in the wounds, and that toxicity of wound exudates for mice and guinea pigs could be partially neutralized by commercial trivalent gas gangrene antitoxin. This report describes in vitro and in vivo analyses of wound exudates for known clostridial toxins. Wounds were produced by detonation of high-explosive pellets. Wound exudates were obtained by cold saline extraction of both necrotic tissues and gauze sponges used to cover the wounds. Exudates were sterilized by Seitz filtration in the cold. In vitro tests were used to measure alpha-, theta-, and mu-toxins of\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            and the epsilon-toxin of\n            <jats:italic>C. novyi<\/jats:italic>\n            . Mouse protection tests, employing commercial typing antisera, were used to analyze exudates for other clostridial toxins. Lethality of wound exudates for mice could be related to (i) the numbers of clostridia present in the wound, (ii) survival time of the goats, and (iii) positive lecithovitellin (LV) tests of the exudates. However, the LV tests could not be neutralized by antitoxin specific for\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            alpha-toxin. Mice were not protected by typing antisera specific for types A, C, or D\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>C. septicum<\/jats:italic>\n            but were protected by antisera specific for type B\n            <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>\n            and types A and B\n            <jats:italic>C. novyi<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T21:29:04Z","timestamp":1578086944000},"page":"623-629","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ANALYSES OF WOUND EXUDATES FOR CLOSTRIDIAL TOXINS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Howard E.","family":"Noyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C."},{"name":"Trauma Investigation Branch, U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C."},{"name":"Trauma Investigation Branch, U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Floyd B.","family":"Brinkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C."},{"name":"Trauma Investigation Branch, U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice A.","family":"Mendelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C."},{"name":"Trauma Investigation Branch, U.S. Army Chemical Research and Development Laboratory, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"BREED R. S. E. G. 1). MURRAY AND N. R. SMITH. 1957. Bergey's manual of determllinative bacteriology 7th ed. The Willianms & Wilkins Co. Baltimore."},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"436","article-title":"Recherches sur l'iimmunite dans la gangrene gazense. II. Action decliainante de filtrats non-toxiques de cultures de C. perfringens (lans la gangrene gazense experimentale","volume":"5","author":"FREDETTE V.","year":"1946","unstructured":"FREDETTE , V. , AND A. FRAPPIER. 1946 . Recherches sur l'iimmunite dans la gangrene gazense. II. Action decliainante de filtrats non-toxiques de cultures de C. perfringens (lans la gangrene gazense experimentale . Rev. Can. Biol. 5 : 436 - 441 .","journal-title":"Rev. Can. Biol."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.101.6.605","article-title":"The relationship of toxic fractions of a filtrate of Clostridiumn perfringens type A to pathogenesis of Clostridial miyonecrosis","volume":"101","author":"GAXNLEY H.","year":"1955","unstructured":"GAXNLEY , 0. H. , 1). J. MIERCHANT , AN I) D . F. BOHR. 1955 . The relationship of toxic fractions of a filtrate of Clostridiumn perfringens type A to pathogenesis of Clostridial miyonecrosis . J. Exptl. Med. 101 : 605 - 615 .","journal-title":"J. Exptl. Med."},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"299","article-title":"Quantitative bacteriologic study of tissues, fluids and exudates","volume":"53","author":"LINDSEY","year":"1959","unstructured":"LINDSEY , 1). 1959 . Quantitative bacteriologic study of tissues, fluids and exudates . J. Lab. Clin. 11ed. 53 : 299 - 307 .","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. 11ed."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"602","article-title":"The role of clost ridia in mortality following an experimental wound in the goat. I. Quantitative bacteriology","volume":"45","author":"LINDSEY D., H.","year":"1959","unstructured":"LINDSEY , D., H. M. WISE , A. T. KNECHT , A ND H . E. NOYES. 1959 . The role of clost ridia in mortality following an experimental wound in the goat. I. Quantitative bacteriology . Surgery 45 : 602 - 611 .","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"355","article-title":"Early diagnosis of wou 1nd infections with special reference to gas gangrene","volume":"1","author":"MICCLEAN","year":"1943","unstructured":"MICCLEAN , 1)., H. J. ROGERS , A ND B . W. WILLIAMS. 1943 . Early diagnosis of wou 1nd infections with special reference to gas gangrene . Lancet 1 : 355 - 360 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/BR.26.2_Pt_1-2.177-274.1962","article-title":"Thte Ihistotoxic clostridial infections of man","volume":"26","author":"MACLENNAN J.","year":"1962","unstructured":"MACLENNAN , J. 1). 1962 . Thte Ihistotoxic clostridial infections of man . Bacteriol. Rev. 26 : 177 - 276 .","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(45)90918-4","article-title":"Toxin and antitoxin stu(dies of gas gangrene in iman","volume":"2","author":"MACLENNAN J. D.","year":"1945","unstructured":"MACLENNAN , J. D. , AND R. G[. MACFARLANE. 1945 . Toxin and antitoxin stu(dies of gas gangrene in iman . Lancet 2 : 301 - 305 .","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"612","article-title":"The role of clostridia in mortality following an experimental wound in the goat. II. Demonstration of toxic materials in wound exu(date","volume":"45","author":"NOYES H. E.","year":"1959","unstructured":"NOYES , H. E. , It. SHERMAN , H. Mr. WISE , A. T. KNECHT , A ND D . LINDSEY. 1959 . The role of clostridia in mortality following an experimental wound in the goat. II. Demonstration of toxic materials in wound exu(date . Surgery 45 : 612 - 616 .","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"703","article-title":"A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds","volume":"43","author":"OCHSNER E. W.","year":"1958","unstructured":"OCHSNER , E. W. A., JR ., S. W. JACOB , A ND A . R. MIIANSBERGER , JR. 1958 . A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds . I. Standardization. Surgery 43 : 703 - 707 .","journal-title":"I. Standardization. Surgery"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.46.5.475-480.1943","article-title":"Fibrinolysins from gas gangrene anaerobes","volume":"46","author":"REED G. B.","year":"1943","unstructured":"REED , G. B. , J. H. ORR , A ND H . J. BROWN. 1943 . Fibrinolysins from gas gangrene anaerobes . J. Bacteriol. 46 : 475 - 480 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"SMuITH L. 1)S. 1955. Introduction to the patlhogenic anaerobes p. 63 72. The University of Chicago Press Chicago."},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195811000-00011","article-title":"Ahsorption from experimental wounds","volume":"148","author":"WISE H. M.","year":"1958","unstructured":"WISE , H. M. , J. H. OPPENHEIMER , A. T. KNECHT , G. S. BEALS , A ND M . YESSIS. 1958 . Ahsorption from experimental wounds . Ann. Surg. 148 : 805 - 810 .","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T21:36:53Z","timestamp":1622583413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1964,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1964,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.87.3.623-629.1964","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1964,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}