{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:18:47Z","timestamp":1757312327757},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1965,1,1]],"date-time":"1965-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-157766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:sc>Haines, Bertram<\/jats:sc>\n            W. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Frederick, Md.),\n            <jats:sc>Frederick Klein, and Ralph E. Lincoln<\/jats:sc>\n            . Quantitative assay for crude anthrax toxins. J. Bacteriol.\n            <jats:bold>89:<\/jats:bold>\n            74\u201383. 1965.\u2014The whole crude toxins of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            , although apparently responsible for the death of animals with anthrax, had never been quantitated. A total of 14 lots of the toxic culture filtrate of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            were pooled into one large lot of crude anthrax toxins. An extensive assay of this reference material was conducted in four laboratories by use of the time-to-death of the intravenously challenged Fischer 344 rat as the response variable. Doses of the material were varied factorially by concentration, dilution, and volume. The data from this study were used to define a potency unit of the crude anthrax toxins. Procedures were developed and illustrated for the assay of unknown lots of the toxins by comparing the rat time-to-death response to the unknown with either (i) the responses reported in this study, or (ii) directly with the rat responses to a new sample of the reference toxins. The possibilities and limitations of this standardization and of the statistical procedure through which it was developed are discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T21:32:43Z","timestamp":1578087163000},"page":"74-83","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Quantitative Assay for Crude Anthrax Toxins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Bertram W.","family":"Haines","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph E.","family":"Lincoln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.83.6.1274-1280.1962","article-title":"Rapid lethal effect in rats of a third component found upon fractionating the toxin of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"83","author":"BEALL F. A.","year":"1962","unstructured":"BEALL , F. A. , M. J. TAYLOR , A ND C . B. THORNE. 1962 . Rapid lethal effect in rats of a third component found upon fractionating the toxin of Bacillus anthracis . J. Bacteriol. 83 : 1274 - 1280 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/112.3.226","article-title":"In vivo effects of Bacillus anthracis culture filtrates","volume":"103","author":"ECKERT N. J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"ECKERT , N. J. , AND P. F. BONVENTRE. 1963 . In vivo effects of Bacillus anthracis culture filtrates . J. Infect. Dis. 103 : 226 - 232 .","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"FINNEY D. J. 1952. Statistical method in biological assay. Hafner Publishing Co. New York."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-19-1-91","article-title":"Production in vitro of the toxin of Bacillus anthracis previously recognized in vivo","volume":"19","author":"HARRIS-SMITH P. W.","year":"1958","unstructured":"HARRIS-SMITH , P. W. , H. SMITH , A ND J . KEPPIE. 1958 . Production in vitro of the toxin of Bacillus anthracis previously recognized in vivo . J. Gen. Microbiol. 19 : 91 - 103 .","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"315","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. III. The role of the terminal bacteremia in death of guinea pigs from anthrax","volume":"36","author":"KEPPIE J., H.","year":"1955","unstructured":"KEPPIE , J., H. SMITH , A ND P . W. HARRIS-SMITH . 1955 . The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. III. The role of the terminal bacteremia in death of guinea pigs from anthrax . Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 36 : 315 - 322 .","journal-title":"Brit. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.85.5.1032-1038.1963","article-title":"Dual nature of resistance mechanisms as revealed by studies of anthrax septicemia","volume":"86","author":"KLEIN F., B.","year":"1963","unstructured":"KLEIN , F., B. W. HAINES , B. G. MAHLANDT , I. A. DEARMON , JR. , AND R. E. LINCOLN. 1963 . Dual nature of resistance mechanisms as revealed by studies of anthrax septicemia . J. Bacteriol 86 : 1032 - 1038 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol"},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1126\/science.138.3547.1331","article-title":"Anthrax toxin: causative agent in the death of rhesus monkeys","volume":"138","author":"KLEIN F., D.","year":"1962","unstructured":"KLEIN , F., D. R. HODGES , B. G. MAHLANDT , W. I. JONES , B. W. HAINES , A ND R . E. LINCOLN. 1962 . Anthrax toxin: causative agent in the death of rhesus monkeys . Science 138 : 1331 - 1333 .","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-22-1-219","article-title":"The serological relationship between purified preparations of factor I and II of the anthrax toxin produced in vivo and in vitro","volume":"22","author":"SARGEANT K., J.","year":"1960","unstructured":"SARGEANT , K., J. L. STANLEY , A ND H . SMITH. 1960 . The serological relationship between purified preparations of factor I and II of the anthrax toxin produced in vivo and in vitro . J. Gen. Microbiol. 22 : 219 - 228 .","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"144","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. VI. An extracellular immunizing agressin isolated from exudates","volume":"37","author":"SMITH H.","year":"1956","unstructured":"SMITH , H. , AND R. C. GALLOP. 1956 . The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. VI. An extracellular immunizing agressin isolated from exudates . Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 37 : 144 - 155 .","journal-title":"Brit. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"460","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. V. The specific toxin produced by B. anthracis in vivo","volume":"36","author":"SMITH H., J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"SMITH , H., J. KEPPIE , A ND J . L. STANLEY. 1955 a. The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. V. The specific toxin produced by B. anthracis in vivo . Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 36 : 460 - 472 .","journal-title":"Brit. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"323","article-title":"The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. IV. Secondary shock as a major factor in death of guinea pigs from anthrax","volume":"36","author":"SMITH H., J.","year":"1955","unstructured":"SMITH , H., J. KEPPIE , J. L. STANLEY , A ND P . W. HARRIS-SMITH . 1955 b. The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. IV. Secondary shock as a major factor in death of guinea pigs from anthrax . Brit. J. Exp. Pathol. 36 : 323 - 255 .","journal-title":"Brit. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"p_12","unstructured":"SMITH H. D. W. TEMPEST J. L. STANLEY P. W. HARRIS-SMITH AND R. C. GALLOP. 1956. The chemical basis of the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. VII. Two components of the anthrax VOL. 89 1965 ANTHRAX TOXIN S' TANDARDIZATION"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bacteriology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T04:40:35Z","timestamp":1623559235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.89.1.74-83.1965","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9193","1098-5530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9193","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}