{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T16:05:31Z","timestamp":1699113931767},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1969,2,1]],"date-time":"1969-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-28857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Bacteriol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1969,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An attempt has been made to replicate an earlier finding that type A botulinum toxin can inhibit the in vitro activity of acetylcholinesterase. Two methods of enzyme assay were employed, but with neither technique were we able to reproduce the finding of in vitro enzyme inhibition. In fact, an examination of the data from the previous report leads us to question the possibility of the observations that were given. Furthermore, an investigation was carried out to determine if botulinum toxin can exert an inhibiting effect on acetylcholinesterase that is situated in the biological tissue. The answer again is negative. The experimental observations, coupled with several mathematical computations, do not support the notion that botulinum toxin is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.97.2.571-575.1969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T02:13:49Z","timestamp":1578190429000},"page":"571-575","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Failure to Inhibit In Vitro or In Vivo Acetycholinesterase with Botulinum Toxin Type A"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Lance L.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94707"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Chemical Biodynamics, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94707"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Brooks V. B. 1964. The pharmacological action of botulinum toxin p. 105-111. U.S. Public Health Serv. Publ. 999-FP-1."},{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman G. L.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Ellman , G. L. , K. D. Courtney , V. Andres , and R. M. Featherstone . 1961 . A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity . Biochem. Pharmacol. 7 : 88 - 95 .","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(65)90078-5","article-title":"Studies using Clostridium botulinum toxin type A","volume":"7","author":"Hart L. G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Hart , L. G. , R. L. Dixon , J. P. Long , and B. MacKay . 1963 . Studies using Clostridium botulinum toxin type A . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 7 : 84 - 89 .","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60134a026","article-title":"Colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"30","author":"Kramer D. N.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Kramer , D. N. , and R. M. Gamson . 1958 . Colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity . Anal. Chem. 30 : 251 - 254 .","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.57.2.446","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase. L. Large scale purification, homogenity and amino acid analysis","author":"Leuzinger W.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Leuzinger , W. , and A. L. Baker . 1967 . Acetylcholinesterase. L. Large scale purification, homogenity and amino acid analysis . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. 57: 446 - 451 .","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U."},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.94.4.812-814.1967","article-title":"In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by type A botulinum toxin","volume":"94","author":"Marshall R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Marshall , R. , and L. Y. Quinn . 1967 . In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition by type A botulinum toxin . J. Bacteriol. 94 : 812 - 814 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(67)90018-0","article-title":"Electrophysiological manifestations of experimental botulinal intoxication: depression of cortical EEG","volume":"19","author":"Simpson L. L.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Simpson , L. L. , F. deB. Verster , and J. T. Tapp . 1967 . Electrophysiological manifestations of experimental botulinal intoxication: depression of cortical EEG . Exptl. Neurol. 19 : 199 - 211 .","journal-title":"Exptl. Neurol."},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.95.5.1970-1971.1968","article-title":"Failure of type A botulinum toxin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase","volume":"95","author":"Sumyk G. B.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sumyk , G. B. , and C. F. Yocum . 1968 . Failure of type A botulinum toxin to inhibit acetylcholinesterase . J. Bacteriol. 95 : 1970 - 1971 .","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006463","article-title":"Supersensitivity of skeletal muscle produced by botulinum toxin","volume":"151","author":"Thesleff S.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Thesleff , S. 1960 . Supersensitivity of skeletal muscle produced by botulinum toxin . J. Physiol. (London) 151 : 598 - 607 .","journal-title":"J. Physiol. 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