{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:20:18Z","timestamp":1778566818475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e9res"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy has suboptimal sensitivity but remains the most commonly used laboratory test to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We prospectively evaluated the small membrane filtration (SMF) method that concentrates AFB in a smaller area to facilitate detection to improve the diagnostic performance of microscopy. We enrolled adults with suspicion of pulmonary TB from health facilities in southwestern Uganda. Clinical history, physical examination, and 3 sputum samples were obtained for direct fluorescent AFB smear, SMF, Xpert MTB\/RIF, and MGIT culture media. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated for SMF, AFB smear, and Xpert MTB\/RIF, using MGIT as the reference standard. The analysis was stratified according to HIV status. From September 2012 to April 2014, 737 participants were included in the HIV-infected stratum (146 [20.5%] were culture positive) and 313 were in the HIV-uninfected stratum (85 [28%] were culture positive). In HIV-infected patients, the sensitivity of a single SMF was 67.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.9% to 74.1%); for AFB, 68.0% (95% CI, 60.6% to 74.6%); and for Xpert MTB\/RIF, 91.0% (95% CI, 85.0% to 94.8%). In HIV-uninfected patients, the corresponding sensitivities were 72.5% (95% CI, 62.1% to 80.9%), 80.3% (95% CI, 70.8% to 87.2%), and 93.5% (95% CI, 85.7% to 97.2%). The specificity for all 3 tests in both HIV groups was \u226596%. In this setting, the SMF method did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of sputum AFB. The Xpert MTB\/RIF assay performed well in both HIV-infected and -uninfected groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00017-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T03:26:05Z","timestamp":1459394765000},"page":"1520-1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of the Small Membrane Filtration Method for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a High-HIV-Prevalence Setting"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"suffix":"II","given":"Yap","family":"Boum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Mbarara, Uganda"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Orikiriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Mbarara, Uganda"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Villaordu\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange","family":"Vinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (NDI), Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES), Vit\u00f3ria, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryline","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Mbarara, Uganda"},{"name":"Institut pour la Recherche et le Development (IRD) UMI 233 TransVIHMI\u2013UM\u2013INSERM U1175, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Nyehangane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliet","family":"Mwanga-Amumpaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Mbarara, Uganda"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Fennelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Jones-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"805","article-title":"Revisiting sputum smear microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Tr\u00e9bucq A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tr\u00e9bucq A. 2004. 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