{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:47:48Z","timestamp":1761155268171},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The proportion of meningococcal disease in the United States, South Africa, and Israel caused by\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n            serogroup Y (NmY) was greater than the worldwide average during the period 1999-2002. Genotypic characterization of 300 NmY isolates by multilocus sequence typing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and PorA variable region typing was conducted to determine the relationships of the isolates from these three countries. Seventy different genotypes were found. Two groups of ST-23 clonal complex isolates accounted for 88% of the U.S. isolates, 12% of the South African isolates, and 96% of the isolates from Israel. The single common clone (ST-23\/16S-19\/P1.5-2,10-1) represented 57, 5, and 35% of the NmY isolates from the United States, South Africa, and Israel. The predominant clone in South Africa (ST-175\/16S-21\/P1.5-1,2-2), and 11 other closely related clones made up 77% of the South African study isolates and were not found among the isolates from the United States or Israel. ST-175 was the predicted founder of the ST-175 clonal complex, and isolates of ST-175 and related sequence types have been described previously in other African countries. Continued active surveillance and genetic characterization of NmY isolates causing disease in the United States, South Africa, and Israel will provide valuable data for local and global epidemiology and allow monitoring for any expansion of existing clonal complexes and detection of the emergence of new virulent clones in the population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00091-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,2]],"date-time":"2009-07-02T01:41:11Z","timestamp":1246498871000},"page":"2787-2793","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Genotypic Comparison of Invasive\n            <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n            Serogroup Y Isolates from the United States, South Africa, and Israel, Isolated from 1999 through 2002"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garry B.","family":"Coulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/NICD\/WITS Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council\/National Institute for Communicable Diseases\/University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"von Gottberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/NICD\/WITS Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council\/National Institute for Communicable Diseases\/University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, and National Center for Meningococci, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, and National Center for Meningococci, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard W.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Messonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith P.","family":"Klugman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/NICD\/WITS Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council\/National Institute for Communicable Diseases\/University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"2","volume":"24","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bikitsha, N. 1998. Meningococcal meningitis in South Africa. Epidemiol. Comments24:2-9.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Comments"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.051518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1010","volume":"45","year":"1996","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. Serogroup Y meningococcal disease-Illinois, Connecticut, and selected areas, United States, 1989-1996. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.45:1010-1013.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.051553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"467","volume":"31","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fazio, C., A. Neri, S. Starnino, T. Sofia, P. Mastrantonio, and P. Stefanelli. 2008. Characterization of invasive serogroup Y meningococci in Italy: prevalence of ST-23 complex\/cluster A3. 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Claus. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis. Front. Biosci.8:e14-e22.","journal-title":"Front. 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