{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:50:51Z","timestamp":1792738251334,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Originally composed of the single family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydiales<\/jats:named-content>\n            order has extended considerably over the last several decades.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            -related bacteria were added and classified into six different families and family-level lineages: the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Criblamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Parachlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Piscichlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rhabdochlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Simkaniaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Waddliaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . While several members of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            family are known pathogens, recent studies showed diverse associations of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            -related bacteria with human and animal infections. Some of these latter bacteria might be of medical importance since, given their ability to replicate in free-living amoebae, they may also replicate efficiently in other phagocytic cells, including cells of the innate immune system. Thus, a new\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydiales<\/jats:named-content>\n            -specific real-time PCR targeting the conserved 16S rRNA gene was developed. This new molecular tool can detect at least five DNA copies and show very high specificity without cross-amplification from other bacterial clade DNA. The new PCR was validated with 128 clinical samples positive or negative for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            or\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Of 65 positive samples, 61 (93.8%) were found to be positive with the new PCR. The four discordant samples, retested with the original test, were determined to be negative or below detection limits. Then, the new PCR was applied to 422 nasopharyngeal swabs taken from children with or without pneumonia; a total of 48 (11.4%) samples were determined to be positive, and 45 of these were successfully sequenced. The majority of the sequences corresponded to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia<\/jats:named-content>\n            -related bacteria and especially to members of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Parachlamydiaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            family.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00114-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T00:16:19Z","timestamp":1305159379000},"page":"2637-2642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Development of a New Chlamydiales-Specific Real-Time PCR and Its Application to Respiratory Clinical Samples"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Lienard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Croxatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Aeby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Jaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Posfay-Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Gervaix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Greub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.115-121.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-45"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3e6a5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.070315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02302-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01752.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2009.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-3-515"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-2-343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(02)01369-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/644740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000217476.31840.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415","article-title":"Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms","volume":"49","author":"Everett K. 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