{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:23:54Z","timestamp":1792607034598,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Over a 5-month period, four liver transplant patients at a single hospital were diagnosed with\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    pneumonia (PCP). This unusually high incidence was investigated using molecular genotyping. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) obtained from the four liver recipients diagnosed with PCP were processed for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) at three loci (\n                    <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , mt26s, and\n                    <jats:italic>CYB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Twenty-four other BALF samples, which were positive for\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and collected from 24 epidemiologically unrelated patients with clinical signs of PCP, were studied in parallel by use of the same method.\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolates from the four liver recipients all had the same genotype, which was different from those of the isolates from all the epidemiologically unrelated individuals studied. These findings supported the hypothesis of a common source of contamination or even cross-transmission of a single\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    clone between the four liver recipients. Hospitalization mapping showed several possible encounters between these four patients, including outpatient consultations on one particular date when they all possibly met. This study demonstrates the value of molecular genotyping of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    isolated from clinical samples for epidemiological investigation of PCP outbreaks. It is also the first description of a common source of exposure to a single\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. jirovecii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    clone between liver transplant recipients and highlights the importance of prophylaxis in such a population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00133-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T23:03:22Z","timestamp":1456959802000},"page":"1314-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Epidemiological Outbreaks of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Are Not Limited to Kidney Transplant Recipients: Genotyping Confirms Common Source of Transmission in a Liver Transplantation Unit"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Desoubeaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Tours, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Rabelais, CEPR, INSERM U1100\/\u00c9quipe 3, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Dominique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Morio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Nantes, Institut de Biologie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nantes, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Parasitologie et Mycologie M\u00e9dicale, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universit\u00e9s, EA1155-IICiMed, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose-Anne","family":"Thepault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Rabelais, Imagerie et Cerveau, INSERM U930\/\u00c9quipe 2, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Franck-Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Charlotte","family":"Tellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de R\u00e9animation Chirurgicale, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Ferrandi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de R\u00e9animation Chirurgicale, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Hennequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Parasitologie &amp; Mycologie, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, INSERM UMR-S 945, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Rabelais, CEPR, INSERM U1100\/\u00c9quipe 3, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Tours, France"},{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de M\u00e9decine Interne &amp; Maladies Infectieuses, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephrem","family":"Salam\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Endocrinienne et Transplantation H\u00e9patique, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c9ric","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Chandenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Tours, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Tours, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois-Rabelais, CEPR, INSERM U1100\/\u00c9quipe 3, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00013-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.121151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.770-782.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.571294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01186-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/653933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01073-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02381-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02531-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03030.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92008-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02016-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.20147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008153359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00691.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.09.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182a1618c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12119"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan JE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2009. 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