{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:21:43Z","timestamp":1790014903632,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001023","name":"Amon G. Carter Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex has been recognized as a cause of tenosynovitis, with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            reported as the primary etiologic pathogens. The molecular taxonomy of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex causing tenosynovitis has not been established despite approximately 50 previously reported cases. We evaluated 26 isolates of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex associated with tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis recovered between 1984 and 2014 from 13 states, including 5 isolates reported in 1991 as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. nonchromogenicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            by nonmolecular methods. The isolates belonged to three validated species, one new proposed species, and two novel related strains. The majority of isolates (20\/26, or 77%) belonged to two recently described species:\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium arupense<\/jats:named-content>\n            (10 isolates, or 38%) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium heraklionense<\/jats:named-content>\n            (10 isolates, or 38%). Three isolates (12%) had 100% sequence identity to each other by 16S rRNA and 99.3 to 100% identity by\n            <jats:italic>rpoB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene region V sequencing and represent a previously undescribed species within the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex. There were no isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            or\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. nonchromogenicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , including among the five isolates reported in 1991. The 26 isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin (100%), rifabutin (100%), ethambutol (92%), and sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%). The current study suggests that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. arupense<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. heraklionense<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and a newly proposed species (\u201c\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. virginiense<\/jats:named-content>\n            \u201d sp. nov.; proposed type strain MO-233 [DSM 100883, CIP 110918]) within the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. terrae<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex are the major causes of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis in the United States, with little change over 20 years. Species identification within this complex requires sequencing methods.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00198-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T04:09:17Z","timestamp":1457582957000},"page":"1340-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, \u201cMycobacterium virginiense\u201d sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ravikiran","family":"Vasireddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruthi","family":"Vasireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Brown-Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Wengenack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uzoamaka A.","family":"Eke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeana L.","family":"Benwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Turenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Richard J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycobacteria\/Nocardia Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.038737-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-1-280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.5.857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90257-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Mycobacterium terrae synovitis and osteomyelitis","volume":"117","author":"Edwards MS","year":"1978","unstructured":"Edwards MS, Huber TW, Baker CJ. 1978. 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