{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:40:46Z","timestamp":1788050446114,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of human mycoplasmas using microdilution is time-consuming. In this study, we compared the performance of MICRONAUT-S plates (Biocentric-Bruker) designed for AST of\n              <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n              , and\n              <jats:italic>Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n              with the results using the Clinical &amp; Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference method. Then, we investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. The two methods were compared using 60 strains. For the resistance prevalence study,\n              <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n              -,\n              <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n              -, and\n              <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n              -positive clinical specimens were collected for 1 month each year in 22 French diagnostic laboratories. MICs were determined using the MICRONAUT-S plates. The\n              <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n              (M) gene was screened using PCR, and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations were screened using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Comparing the methods, 99.5% (679\/680) MICs obtained using the MICRONAUT-S plates concurred with those obtained using the CLSI reference method. For 90\n              <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n              <jats:italic>hominis<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates, the tetracycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 11.1%, 2.2%, and 2.2%, respectively, with no clindamycin resistance. For 248\n              <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n              <jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates, the levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance rates were 5.2% and 0.8%, respectively; they were 2.9% and 1.5% in 68\n              <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n              .\n              <jats:italic>urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates. Tetracycline resistance in\n              <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\n              (11.8%) was significantly (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt; 0.001) higher than in\n              <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n              (1.2%). No macrolide resistance was observed. Overall, the customized MICRONAUT-S plates are a reliable, convenient tool for AST of human mycoplasmas. Tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance remain limited in France. However, the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in\n              <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires monitoring.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of human urogenital mycoplasmas using the CLSI reference broth microdilution method is time-consuming and requires the laborious preparation of antimicrobial stock solutions. Here, we validated the use of reliable, convenient plates designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing that allows the simultaneous determination of the MICs of eight antibiotics of interest. We then investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of resistance of each of these bacteria to tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in France in 2020 and 2021. We showed that the prevalence of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance has increased significantly in\n              <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n              spp. from 2010 to 2015 and requires ongoing monitoring.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00226-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T13:32:30Z","timestamp":1717507950000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for\n            <i>Ureaplasma parvum<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>Mycoplasma hominis<\/i>\n            antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1757-4206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabine","family":"Pereyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5234 Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge","family":"H\u00e9nin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5234 Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Dolzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Guiraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5234 Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Laurier-Nadali\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Gardette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"B\u00e9b\u00e9ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 5234 Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, National Reference Centre for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the investigator group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101216"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02560-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01104-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02342-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02513-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03969-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00671-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00889-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06342-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa538"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","volume-title":"Methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for human mycoplasmas: approved guideline","author":"Waites KB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waites KB, Bade DJ, B\u00e9b\u00e9ar C, S.D. 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