{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T07:31:28Z","timestamp":1764401488277},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The recent discovery of a mobile genetic element encoding a pilus-like structure in\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            and the demonstration of a role for the pilus in virulence in mice have led to the proposal of the use of the pilus as a candidate pneumococcal vaccine. We examined the frequency of occurrence of the pneumococcal pilus, as determined by the presence of the\n            <jats:italic>rrgC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, and analyzed its association with virulence, capsular serotypes, and multilocus sequence types in the American Indian pneumococcal collection and isolates of\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            from blood cultures collected at Children's Hospital Boston. Overall, 21.4% of strains in the American Indian collection had the\n            <jats:italic>rrgC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, but there was no difference between isolates obtained from the nasopharynx and those obtained from sterile sites (blood or cerebrospinal fluid). Vaccine-type strains were significantly more likely than non-vaccine-type strains to have this pilus gene (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001). Among isolates with identical multilocus sequence types, there was a high concordance (95%) between the multilocus sequence type and the presence or the absence of\n            <jats:italic>rrgC<\/jats:italic>\n            . Finally, in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the frequency of\n            <jats:italic>rrgC<\/jats:italic>\n            in isolates from Children's Hospital Boston has decreased significantly (42.8% before 2000 versus 21.3% after 2000;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.019). Therefore, our data show that the pilus is present in a minority of strains and is associated with certain serotypes and that its frequency has been reduced by the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00265-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T00:49:32Z","timestamp":1175129372000},"page":"1684-1689","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Association of the Pneumococcal Pilus with Certain Capsular Serotypes but Not with Increased Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Basset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Trzcinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Hermos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathuram","family":"Santosham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lipsitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology &amp; Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511017103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00511-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1596-1600.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"893","volume":"54","year":"2005","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease\u2014United States, 1998-2003. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.54:893-897.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400230087015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05190.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102083440602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.4.1526-1533.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01400-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1389","volume":"45","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hava, D. L., and A. 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