{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:51:32Z","timestamp":1789516292837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In our hospital, mupirocin has increasingly been used for peri-operative decolonization of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The target for mupirocin is isoleucyl tRNA synthetase (\n            <jats:italic>ileS<\/jats:italic>\n            ). High-level resistance to mupirocin is conferred by acquisition of plasmids expressing a distinct\n            <jats:italic>ileS<\/jats:italic>\n            gene (\n            <jats:italic>ileS2<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Here we evaluated the longitudinal trends in high-level mupirocin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and linked this to the presence of\n            <jats:italic>ileS2<\/jats:italic>\n            genes and mupirocin use. We assessed mupirocin resistance in CoNS bloodstream isolates from 2006 to 2011 tested by Phoenix automated testing (PAT). We evaluated the reliability of PAT results using Etest. PAT species determination was confirmed by MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight) mass spectrometry. We investigated the presence of\n            <jats:italic>ileS2<\/jats:italic>\n            in the first 100 consecutive CoNS bloodstream isolates of each year using RT-PCR. Mupirocin use increased from 3.6 kg\/year in 2006 to 13.3 kg\/year in 2010 and correlated with the increase in the percentage of CoNS isolates carrying\n            <jats:italic>ileS2<\/jats:italic>\n            (8% in 2006 to 22% in 2011; Spearman's rho, 0.137;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of PAT for detecting high-level mupirocin resistance were 0.97 and 0.97, respectively.\n            <jats:italic>ileS2<\/jats:italic>\n            was detected in 81 of 82 phenotypically highly mupirocin-resistant strains and associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. In conclusion, we found a rapid increase in high-level resistance to mupirocin and resistance to other antibiotics in CoNS associated with an increase in mupirocin use. The associated resistance to other antibiotics may result in a reduction of oral antibiotic options for prolonged treatment of prosthetic infections with CoNS.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00302-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,4]],"date-time":"2012-07-04T22:38:01Z","timestamp":1341441481000},"page":"2947-2950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Emergence of High-Level Mupirocin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Associated with Increased Short-Term Mupirocin Use"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Bathoorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Hetem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeriela","family":"Alphenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Kusters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J. M.","family":"Bonten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050306"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700003441"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.822-824.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2009. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 19th informational supplement. M100-S19 vol. 29 no. 3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000489107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00204"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68231-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00241-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90162-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02274-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.5.1205"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1760305"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki387"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.9.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.1.260-265.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn345"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S019594170000357X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-140-10-2577"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.5.577"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605495"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-33-2-97"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00846-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.4.495"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1998.4.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"CD006216","article-title":"Mupirocin ointment for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections in nasal carriers","volume":"4","author":"van Rijen RM","year":"2008","unstructured":"van RijenRM BontenM WenzelR KluytmansJ. 2008. Mupirocin ointment for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections in nasal carriers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4:CD006216.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040181"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00302-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00302-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1646478817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00302-12"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00302-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00302-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}