{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:41:50Z","timestamp":1773283310904,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases were thought to be rare in the United States, but a recent study in Texas showed that up to 70% of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-containing members of the\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n family were CTX-M positive (J. S. Lewis, M. Herrera, B. Wickes, J. E. Patterson, and J. H. Jorgensen, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:4015-4021, 2007). We used PCR to detect CTX-M in all 291 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated in our laboratory during 2007. Thirty (48%)\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates, 6 (3%)\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n sp. isolates, and 7 (100%)\n Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n isolates tested were CTX-M positive, with 15% of all\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n tested being positive. The\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M groups were I (57%), IV (37%), II (3%), and not groupable (3%); three of the group IV isolates were positive for CTX-M-18, and three of the group I isolates were positive for CTX-M-15. One of seven positive\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n isolates was in group II, with the remainder being positive for a CTX-M-25-like \u03b2-lactamase; and 33% of the\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n sp. isolates were in group I or IV, with the remainder not being in groups I to IV. CTX-M-producing bacteria were isolated from urine (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 13), blood (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 13), wounds (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 12), and the respiratory tract (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 4). All 31 CTX-M-positive isolates tested for the presence of ESBL were confirmed to produce ESBLs by the use of tests recommended by the CLSI. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of the CTX-M-positive isolates showed that six\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were clonal and that there were seven different\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n clusters. Five of seven\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n isolates were from blood cultures. The CLSI tests for the confirmation of ESBL production reliably detect these isolates if both cefotaxime and ceftazidime are tested, but only about half would be classified as a possible CTX-M producers on the basis of the antibiogram alone. A new panprimer set increases the ability to detect CTX-M-producing strains. CTX-M-positive bacteria are common in our geographic region, are often invasive, and, with the exception of\n P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n , are multiclonal.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00319-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T02:06:57Z","timestamp":1247105217000},"page":"2970-2974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence of CTX-M \u03b2-Lactamases in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Shannon E.","family":"McGettigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baofeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Andreacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irving","family":"Nachamkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"name":"Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul H.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"M100-S18: performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"185","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goering, R. V. 2004. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, p. 185-196. In D. H. Persing, F. C. Tenover, Y. Tang, J. Versalovic, E. R. Unger, D. R. Relman, and T. J. White (ed.), molecular microbiology: diagnostic principles and practice. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"molecular microbiology: diagnostic principles and practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1454-1460.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00576-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl483"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00418-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.7.2382-2383.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01867.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.4961-4965.2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00319-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00319-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T07:10:10Z","timestamp":1646464210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00319-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00319-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00319-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-07-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}