{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:13:45Z","timestamp":1788347625331,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Dengue, leptospirosis, and malaria are among the most common etiologies of systemic undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) among travelers to the developing world, and these pathogens all have the potential to cause life-threatening illness in returned travelers. The current study describes the development of an internally controlled multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            species, with a specific callout for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>\n            (referred to as the UFI assay). During analytical evaluation, the UFI assay displayed a wide dynamic range and a sensitive limit of detection for each target, including all four DENV serotypes. In a clinical evaluation including 210 previously tested samples, the sensitivities of the UFI assay were 98% for DENV (58\/59 samples detected) and 100% for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            and malaria (65\/65 and 20\/20 samples, respectively). Malaria samples included all five\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            species known to cause human disease. The specificity of the UFI assay was 100% when evaluated with a panel of 66 negative clinical samples. Furthermore, no amplification was observed when extracted nucleic acids from related pathogens were tested. Compared with whole-blood samples, the UFI assay remained positive for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>\n            in 11 plasma samples from patients with malaria (parasitemia levels of 0.0037 to 3.4%). The syndrome-based design of the UFI assay, combined with the sensitivities of the component tests, represents a significant improvement over the individual diagnostic tests available for these pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00341-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,27]],"date-time":"2014-03-27T02:11:36Z","timestamp":1395886296000},"page":"2011-2018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multiplex Nucleic Acid Amplification Test for Diagnosis of Dengue Fever, Malaria, and Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jesse J.","family":"Waggoner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janaki","family":"Abeynayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"Balassiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Centro de Refer\u00eancia Nacional para Leptospirose, Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de Leptospira, WHO\/PAHO Centro Colaborador para Leptospirose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Lefterova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malaya K.","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Vital-Brazil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Centro de Refer\u00eancia Nacional para Leptospirose, Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de Leptospira, WHO\/PAHO Centro Colaborador para Leptospirose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Gresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Balmaseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niaz","family":"Banaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Pinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","volume-title":"Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2009. 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