{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:46:17Z","timestamp":1790135177919,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like K (SEl-K) is a potent mitogen that elicits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production at very low concentrations. However, unlike the classical enterotoxins SEB and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), the gene for SEl-K is commonly present in more than half of all\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            clinical isolates and is present in almost all USA300 community-acquired methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (CA-MRSA) isolates. Sequencing of the\n            <jats:italic>sel-k<\/jats:italic>\n            gene in over 20 clinical isolates and comparative analysis with all 14 published\n            <jats:italic>sel-k<\/jats:italic>\n            sequences indicate that there are at least 6 variants of the\n            <jats:italic>sel-k<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, including one that is conserved among all examined USA300 strains. Additionally, we have developed a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that specifically detects and measures SEl-K protein in culture supernatants and biological fluids. Quantification of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            SEl-K secretion by various\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates using this novel capture ELISA revealed detectable amounts of SEl-K secretion by all isolates, with the highest secretion levels being exhibited by MRSA strains that coexpress SEB.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            secretion was measured in a murine thigh abscess model, where similar levels of SEl-K accumulation were noted regardless of whether the infecting strain exhibited high or low secretion of SEl-K\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . We conclude that SEl-K is commonly expressed in the setting of staphylococcal infection, in significant amounts. SEl-K should be further explored as a target for passive immunotherapy against complicated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00387-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1399512241000},"page":"2536-2543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Detection and Measurement of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Like K (SEl-K) Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 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