{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:14:17Z","timestamp":1791036857010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific antibodies and asymptomatic infection was assessed in a randomized sample of 526 healthy adults from a continental area of Northwestern Italy where\n            <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            is not endemic and where autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were recently reported.\n            <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            -specific antibodies were detected by Western blotting (WB) in 39 subjects (7.41%), while\n            <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            kinetoplast DNA was amplified from buffy coat in 21 out of 39 WB-positive subjects, confirming asymptomatic infection in 53.8% of seropositives. Risk factors significantly associated with WB positivity were uninterrupted residence since childhood in a local rural environment (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 7.3), daily contact with animals though not exclusively with dogs (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.7), older age (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.5), and agricultural\/other outdoor activities (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.99 to 3.7.) Logistic regression analysis showed that uninterrupted residence in a local rural environment and an age of &gt;65 years were the only independent predictors of seropositivity assessed by WB. Follow-up at 24 months did not show evidence of VL in either seropositive or PCR-positive subjects. The detection of a high seroprevalence rate, confirmed as asymptomatic infection by PCR in more than half of the cases, among healthy residents in a continental area of northwestern Italy makes local\n            <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n            transmission very likely. In a region where VL is considered nonendemic, these findings warrant further epidemiological investigations as well as interventions with respect to both the canine reservoir and vectors, given the possible risks for immunosuppressed patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00416-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]],"date-time":"2009-11-19T03:23:02Z","timestamp":1258600982000},"page":"131-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Asymptomatic\n            <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n            Infection in an Area of Northwestern Italy (Piedmont Region) Where Such Infections Are Traditionally Nonendemic"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Biglino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Infectious Diseases Unit, Corso Dante 202, 10141 Asti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Bolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Infectious Diseases Unit, Corso Dante 202, 10141 Asti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Concialdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Infectious Diseases Unit, Corso Dante 202, 10141 Asti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Trisciuoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezio","family":"Ferroglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.839"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70043-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38917.503056.7C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Desjeux P. J. P. Meert B. Piot J. Alvar F. J. Medrano M. Portus C. Munoz et al. 2000. Leishmania\/ HIV co-infection in south-western Europe 1990-1998. Retrospective analysis of 965 cases. Document WHO\/LEISH\/2000.42. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02344-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X337526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"114","volume":"42","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferroglio, E., L. Rossi, W. Mignone, and M. Maroli. 2000. Sandfly vectors investigation at an unstable focus of canine leishmaniasis in Italy (Piedmont) and the risk of permanent infection transmission. Parassitologia42(Suppl. 1):114-115.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"64","volume":"44","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferroglio, E., A. Trisciuoglio, S. Gastaldo, W. Mignone, and M. Delle Piane. 2002. Comparison of ELISA, IFAT and Western blot for the serological diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dog. Parassitologia44:64.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1110.040966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"115","volume":"48","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferroglio, E., A. Romano, S. Passera, A. D'Angelo, P. Guiso, E. Ghiggi, C. Bolla, A. Trisciuoglio, and A. Biglino. 2006. Dog's parasite and zoonotic risk: from old to new \u201cemergencies\u201d in the North-West Italy. Parassitologia48:115-116.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00921-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199606001-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1064-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"608","volume":"30","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jeronimo, S. M. B., M. J. Teixeira, A. Sousa, P. Thielking, R. D. Pearson, and T. G. Evans. 2000. Natural history of Leishmania chagasi infection in Northeast Brazil. Long-term follow-up. Clin. Infect. Dis.30:608-609.","journal-title":"Long-term follow-up. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.6.1220-1224.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.210-215.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1953-1957.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"27","volume":"48","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannocci, A., G. La Torre, G. Chiaradia, C. De Waure, M. T. Mainelli, A. Cernigliaro, S. Bruno, and W. Ricciardi. 2007. Epidemiology and direct medical costs of human leishmaniasis in Italy. J. Prev. Med. Hyg.48:27-36.","journal-title":"J. Prev. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"241","volume":"37","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maroli, M., L. Sansoni, F. Bigliocchi, C. Khoury, and M. Valsecchi. 1995. Survey of Phlebotomus neglectus Tonnoir, 1921 (=P. major s.l.) in a leishmanisasis focus in northern Italy province of Verona). Parassitologia37:241-244. (In Italian.)","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01998.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.545"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90214-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90447-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485907X229121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5249-5255.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0958-7578.2004.00520.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1985605543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61779-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00015-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.175-178.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1363-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"365","volume":"74","year":"1999","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 1999. Leishmania\/HIV co-infection, south-western Europe, 1990-1998. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.74:365-375.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90320-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00416-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00416-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T08:38:01Z","timestamp":1646469481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00416-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00416-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00416-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}