{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T12:52:14Z","timestamp":1774788734959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            It has been hypothesized that biogeographical boundaries are a feature of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            ecology, and they impact the epidemiology of melioidosis on a global scale. This study examined the relatedness of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            sourced from islands in the Torres Strait of Northern Australia to determine if the geography of isolated island communities is a determinant of the organisms' dispersal. Environmental sampling on Badu Island in the Near Western Island cluster recovered a single clone. An additional 32 clinical isolates from the region were sourced. Isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence typing and a multiplex PCR targeting the flagellum gene cluster. Gene cluster analysis determined that 69% of the isolates from the region encoded the ancestral\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Burkholderia thailandensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            -like flagellum and chemotaxis gene cluster, a proportion significantly lower than that reported from mainland Australia and consistent with observations of isolates from southern Papua New Guinea. A goodness-of-fit test indicated that there was geographic localization of sequence types throughout the archipelago, with the exception of Thursday Island, the economic and cultural hub of the region. Sequence types common to mainland Australia and Papua New Guinea were identified. These findings demonstrate for the first time an environmental reservoir for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the Torres Strait, and multilocus sequence typing suggests that the organism is not randomly distributed throughout this region and that seawater may provide a barrier to dispersal of the organism. Moreover, these findings support an anthropogenic dispersal hypothesis for the spread of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>\n            throughout this region.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00418-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T12:25:07Z","timestamp":1369311907000},"page":"2520-2525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Biogeography of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the Torres Strait Islands of Northern Australia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Public Health Microbiology Research Group, School of Veterinary &amp; Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global &amp; Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Public Health Microbiology Research Group, School of Veterinary &amp; Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Public Health Microbiology Research Group, School of Veterinary &amp; Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Townsville General Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William John Hannan","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global &amp; Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental &amp; Public Health Microbiology Research Group, School of Veterinary &amp; Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Isolation of Whitmore's bacillus from external environment","volume":"89","author":"Chambon L","year":"1955","unstructured":"ChambonL. 1955. Isolation of Whitmore's bacillus from external environment. Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris) 89:229\u2013235. (In French.)","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. 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Melioidosis in the Torres Strait islands of far North Queensland. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep. 26:279\u2013283.","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"444","article-title":"Melioidosis in north Queensland, 2000-2009","volume":"34","author":"Hanna JN","year":"2010","unstructured":"HannaJN HumphreysJL BrookesDL MessinaT RaulliA. 2010. Melioidosis in north Queensland, 2000-2009. Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. Rep. 34:444\u2013447.","journal-title":"Commun. Dis. Intell. Q. 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