{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:31Z","timestamp":1785407491528,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-044856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-044856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Slide agglutination for serogroup and\/or serotype identification is a crucial step for confirming cholera by culture. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are typically used directly on stool but are not considered sufficient for cholera confirmation. However, they may provide a practical alternative to the slide agglutination step of culture\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">,<\/jats:italic>\n                      as they are easy to use, store, and require minimal training. This study evaluates the concordance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      O1\/O139 detection from presumptive colonies by slide agglutination with RDTs. Patients (\u22651 year) with acute watery diarrhea at the icddr,b Dhaka hospital were enrolled. Stool samples were cultured on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose medium, and presumptive colonies were subcultured on Gelatin Agar medium. Isolates were then tested by slide agglutination and four commercial cholera RDTs. From 4 February 2024 through 24 May 2025, 1,638 patients with acute watery diarrhea were enrolled, 1,140 (70%) had presumptive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonies, and 482 (29%) were culture-confirmed as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      O1. We tested suspected\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonies using Cholkit (n=1,140), SD Bioline (n=693), Crystal VC O1\/O139 (n=693), and Crystal VC O1 (n=655) RDT kits. RDTs showed near-perfect concordance with slide agglutination. Using slide agglutination as the reference, the sensitivity of the RDT kits ranged from 99.3% to 99.6% and the specificity from 99.3% to 99.7%. RDTs offer a practical and potentially easier alternative to slide agglutination of presumptive\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonies within typical cholera culture protocols. This may help to provide a pathway to quick confirmation of outbreaks in settings where lab facilities and reagents may be limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This study demonstrated that rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) can effectively replace traditional slide agglutination methods to confirm suspected\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                        colonies belonging to the O1 serogroup, which are responsible for the current seventh cholera pandemic. Comparing four RDTs to slide agglutination, we found almost perfect agreement, with sensitivity and specificity exceeding 99%. Since RDTs are cheaper, easier to use and store, and require less technical training, adopting them could significantly speed up cholera outbreak confirmation, especially in areas with limited laboratory resources. This practical shift could lead to faster responses to cholera outbreaks, ultimately improving public health surveillance and disease control globally.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00433-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T13:00:22Z","timestamp":1752757222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rapid tests as a practical alternative to slide agglutination for the confirmation of\n                    <i>V. cholerae<\/i>\n                    O1"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Piyash","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6426-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia T.","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraful Islam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imrul Kayes","family":"Nabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Naiem","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira Ahmed","family":"Rashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mokibul Hassan","family":"Afrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Taufiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ashraful","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahid Hasan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-4763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Taufiqur Rahman","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8662-9077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Azman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01swzsf04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals","place":["Geneva, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-9888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04vsvr128","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b)","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC). 2024. Public health surveillance for cholera: guidance document 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.gtfcc.org\/resources\/public-health-surveillance-for-cholera. Retrieved 21 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Cholera clinical detection. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cholera\/php\/laboratories\/cholera-clinical-detection.html. Retrieved 09 May 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1994. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae. U.S"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Global Taskforce for Cholera Control. 2025. Isolation and presumptive identification of Vibrio cholerae O1\/O139 from fecal specimens. Available from: https:\/\/www.gtfcc.org\/resources\/isolation-and-presumptive-identification-of-vibrio-cholerae-o1-o139-from-fecal-specimens. Retrieved 23 May 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01128.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30150-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005044"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.00433-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jcm.00433-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:00:57Z","timestamp":1755090057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jcm.00433-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Diekema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jcm.00433-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00433-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00433-25"}}