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We sought to determine whether slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMAmer) reagents with subnanomolar affinity for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            proteins (antigens 85A, 85B, 85C, GroES, GroEL2, DnaK, CFP10, KAD, CFP2, RplL, and Tpx) could be useful to diagnose tuberculosis. When incorporated into the multiplexed, array-based proteomic SOMAscan assay, limits of detection reached the subpicomolar range in 40% serum. Binding to native\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            proteins was confirmed by using\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            culture filtrate proteins and fractions from infected macrophages and via affinity capture assays and subsequent mass spectrometry. Comparison of serum from culture-positive pulmonary TB patients and TB suspects systematically ruled out for TB revealed small but statistically significant (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0001) differences in the median\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            signals and in specific pathogen markers, such as antigen 85B. Samples where many\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            aptamers produced high signals were rare exceptions. In concentrated, protein-normalized urine from TB patients and non-TB controls, the CFP10 (EsxB) SOMAmer yielded the most significant differential signals (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.0276), particularly in TB patients with HIV coinfection. In conclusion, direct\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            antigen detection proved difficult even with a sensitive method such as SOMAscan, likely due to their very low, subpicomolar abundance. The observed differences between cases and controls had limited diagnostic utility in serum and urine, but further evaluation of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            SOMAmers using other platforms and sample types is warranted.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00469-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1502325615000},"page":"3072-3088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Potential of High-Affinity, Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer Reagents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins as Tools for Infection Models and Diagnostic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis S.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Kruh-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Dobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"De Groote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology &amp; Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Janjic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs A.","family":"Ochsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SomaLogic, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report","author":"WHO","year":"2016","unstructured":"WHO. 2016. 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