{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:39:52Z","timestamp":1785191992610,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The ability to diagnose\n Loa loa<\/jats:italic>\n infection readily and accurately remains a demanding task. Among the available diagnostic methods, many are impractical for point-of-care field testing. To investigate whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) can be used for rapid and specific diagnosis of\n L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n infection, a LIPS assay was developed based on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 subclass antibodies to a recombinant\n L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n SXP-1 (designated LlSXP-1) antigen and tested with sera from healthy controls or patients with proven infection with\n L. loa, Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus, Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic>\n . A LIPS test measuring IgG antibody against LlSXP-1 readily differentiated\n L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n -infected from uninfected patients and demonstrated markedly improved sensitivity and specificity compared with an LlSXP-1 IgG4-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (67% sensitivity and 99% specificity). No significant immunoreactivity was observed with\n S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n -infected sera, but a small number of patients infected with\n O. volvulus, M. perstans<\/jats:italic>\n , or\n W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic>\n showed positive immunoreactivity. Measuring anti-IgG4-specific antibodies to LlSXP-1 showed a significant correlation (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u223c 0.85;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.00001) with the anti-IgG results but showed no advantage over measuring the total IgG response alone. In contrast, a rapid LIPS format (called QLIPS) in which the tests are performed in less than 15 minutes under nonequilibrium conditions significantly improved the specificity for cross-reactive\n O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>\n patient sera (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity). These results suggest that LIPS (and the even more rapid test QLIPS) represents a major advance in the ability to diagnose\n L. loa<\/jats:italic>\n infection and may have future applications for point-of-care diagnostics.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00490-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,29]],"date-time":"2008-05-29T00:53:49Z","timestamp":1212022429000},"page":"2298-2304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Rapid, Novel, Specific, High-Throughput Assay for Diagnosis of\n Loa loa<\/i>\n Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Burbelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology and Pain Therapeutics Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy D.","family":"Klion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Iadarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology and Pain Therapeutics Section, Laboratory of Sensory Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.11.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-5-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.11.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90176-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90218-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.3.588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11094-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.6.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/505081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"J. 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