{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:30:41Z","timestamp":1792693841422,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a significant sexually transmitted pathogen, causing up to 25% of cases of nongonococcal urethritis in men, and it is strongly associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Currently, the usual first-line treatment is the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin, but an increasing incidence of treatment failure over the last 5 years suggests the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The mutations responsible for macrolide resistance have been found in the 23S rRNA gene in numerous\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations. A second-line antibiotic, the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin, was thought to be a reliable alternative when azithromycin began to fail, but recent studies have identified mutations that may confer fluoroquinolone resistance in the genes\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            in Sydney, Australia, by detecting relevant mutations in the 23S rRNA gene,\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>gyrA. M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive DNA extracts of specimens, collected from patients attending sexual health clinics in Sydney, were tested by PCR amplification and DNA sequence alignment. The 186 specimens tested included 143 initial patient specimens and 43 second, or subsequent, specimens from 24 patients. We identified known macrolide resistance-associated mutations in the 23S rRNA gene in 43% of the initial patient samples and mutations potentially associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in\n            <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n            sequences in 15% of the initial patient samples. These findings support anecdotal clinical reports of azithromycin and moxifloxacin treatment failures in Sydney. Our results indicate that further surveillance is needed, and testing and treatment protocols for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections may need to be reviewed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00495-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T04:13:30Z","timestamp":1368072810000},"page":"2245-2249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Fluoroquinolone and Macrolide Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kaitlin A.","family":"Tagg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neisha J.","family":"Jeoffreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"Couldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Emerging Infections and Biosecurity Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1094-1156.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92461-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65268-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b01948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.045138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199705000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07848-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.2.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02455.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2009.009499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/499434"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Workowski KA","year":"2010","unstructured":"WorkowskiKA BermanS. 2010. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. MMWR Recommend. Rep. 59(RR12):1\u2013110.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommend. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.027375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.051558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","volume-title":"2010 Australasian Sexual Health Conference","author":"Bradshaw CS","year":"2010","unstructured":"BradshawCS LimYM TabriziSN TwinJ BushM GarlandSM FairleyCK. 2010. The effectiveness of 1g of azithromycin for Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a five-year review. Paper no. 179. 2010 Australasian Sexual Health Conference, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.1-12.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1706.101055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02475-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00724-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02027.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.2.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.3.1190-1193.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3323-3325.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.6.1271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00232-10"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00495-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00495-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T11:34:55Z","timestamp":1646480095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00495-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00495-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00495-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-06-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}