{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:31:23Z","timestamp":1791250283522,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Bacterial pathogens impose a heavy health burden worldwide. In the new era of high-throughput sequencing and online bioinformatics, real-time genome typing of infecting agents, and in particular those with potential severe clinical outcomes, holds promise for guiding clinical care to limit the detrimental effects of infections and to prevent potential local or global outbreaks. Here, we sequenced and compared 85 isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a zoonotic human and swine pathogen, wherein we analyzed 32 recognized serotypes and 75 sequence types representing the diversity of the species and the human clinical isolates with high public health significance. We found that 1,077 of the 2,469 genes are shared by all isolates. Excluding 201 common but mobile genes, 876 genes were defined as the minimum core genome (MCG) of the species. Of 190,894 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified, 58,501 were located in the MCG genes and were referred to as MCG SNPs. A population structure analysis of these MCG SNPs classified the 85 isolates into seven MCG groups, of which MCG group 1 includes all isolates from human infections and outbreaks. Our MCG typing system for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            provided a clear separation of groups containing human-associated isolates from those containing animal-associated isolates. It also separated the group containing outbreak isolates, including those causing life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, from sporadic or less severe meningitis or bacteremia-only isolates. The typing system facilitates the application of genome data to the fields of clinical medicine and epidemiology and to the surveillance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . The MCG groups may also be used as the taxonomical units of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. suis<\/jats:named-content>\n            to define bacterial subpopulations with the potential to cause severe clinical infections and large-scale outbreaks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00535-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T04:48:07Z","timestamp":1369889287000},"page":"2582-2591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Minimum Core Genome Sequence Typing of Bacterial Pathogens: a Unified Approach for Clinical and Public Health Microbiology"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaobo","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiqi","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyun","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George F.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Center for Functional Genomic Research, TEDA College, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 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