{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:12:22Z","timestamp":1791043942610,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acanthamoebae are free-living amoebae found in the environment, including soil, freshwater, brackish water, seawater, hot tubs, and Jacuzzis.\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    species can cause keratitis, a painful vision-threatening infection of the cornea, and fatal granulomatous encephalitis in humans. More than 20 species of\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    belonging to morphological groups I, II, and III distributed in 15 genotypes have been described. Among these,\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>polyphaga<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>A. hatchetti<\/jats:italic>\n                    are frequently identified as causing\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    keratitis (AK). Improper contact lens care and contact with nonsterile water while wearing contact lenses are known risk factors for AK. During a recent multistate outbreak, AK was found to be associated with the use of Advanced Medical Optics Complete MoisturePlus multipurpose contact lens solution, which was hypothesized to have had insufficient anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity. As part of the investigation of that outbreak, we compared the efficacies of 11 different contact lens solutions against cysts of\n                    <jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. polyphaga<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>A. hatchetti<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the isolates of all species were genotype T4), which were isolated in 2007 from specimens obtained during the outbreak investigation. The data, generated with\n                    <jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>A. polyphaga<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>A. hatchetti<\/jats:italic>\n                    cysts, suggest that the two contact lens solutions containing hydrogen peroxide were the only solutions that showed any disinfection ability, with 0% and 66% growth, respectively, being detected with\n                    <jats:italic>A. castellanii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 0% and 33% growth, respectively, being detected with\n                    <jats:italic>A. polyphaga<\/jats:italic>\n                    . There was no statistically significant difference in disinfection efficacy between the 11 solutions for\n                    <jats:italic>A. hatchetti<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00575-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,29]],"date-time":"2009-04-29T21:11:52Z","timestamp":1241039512000},"page":"2040-2045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Resistance of\n                    <i>Acanthamoeba<\/i>\n                    Cysts to Disinfection in Multiple Contact Lens Solutions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Stephanie P.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Qvarnstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Verani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Yoder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchita","family":"Lorick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunization Services"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelin","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govinda","family":"Visvesvara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.7.2992-3000.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1621-1625.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(98)80027-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"72","volume":"26","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buck, S. 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