{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:55:12Z","timestamp":1785419712129,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-I2M-1-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-I2M-1-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008235","name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ201703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ201703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z171100002217068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z171100002217068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Data on the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) and the antifungal susceptibility of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates in China are still limited. Here we report on surveillance for IC from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) study. Sixty-five tertiary hospitals collected 8,829\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2014. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry supplemented by ribosomal DNA sequencing was used to define the species, and the fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion method. A total of 32\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            species were identified.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            was the most common species (44.9%), followed by the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex (20.0%),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (17.2%), and the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex (10.8%), with other species comprising &lt;3% of isolates. However, in candidemia, the proportion of cases caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            was only 32.3%.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parapsilosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole (&lt;6% resistance), while fluconazole and azole cross-resistance rates were high in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            (13.3% and 12.9%, respectively),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex (18.7% and 14%, respectively), and uncommon\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            species (44.1% and 10.3%, respectively) isolates. Moreover, from years 1 to 5 of the study, there was a significant increase in the rates of resistance to fluconazole among\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. glabrata<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex isolates (12.2% to 24.0%) and to both fluconazole (5.7% to 21.0%) and voriconazole (5.7% to 21.4%) among\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.01 for all comparisons). Geographic variations in the causative species and susceptibilities were noted. Our findings indicate that antifungal resistance has become noteworthy in China, and enhanced surveillance is warranted.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00577-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T09:41:28Z","timestamp":1525772488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Five-Year National Surveillance of Invasive Candidiasis: Species Distribution and Azole Susceptibility from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) Study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Yong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Wen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon C.-A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanrong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Lan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) Study Group Ying-Chun Xu Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing He Wang Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing Mei Kang West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province Yu-Ling Xiao West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province Zi-Yong Sun Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province Zhong-Ju Chen Tongji 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