{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:04:34Z","timestamp":1784653474584,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WI179471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI179471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HE 8209\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HE 8209\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Fungal antigens such as \u03b2-(1\u21923)-D-glucan (BDG) or mannan (Mn) are useful for detection of candidemia. However, detailed data on serum levels before diagnosis and during treatment are scarce. We conducted a prospective study at two German tertiary care centers for 36 months. Sera from adult patients with candidemia were tested for BDG (Fungitell assay) and Mn (Platelia\n            <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n            Ag-Plus assay). For each patient, the clinical course and biomarker kinetics were closely followed and compared. 1,243 sera from 131 candidemia episodes and 15 relapses were tested. In 35% of episodes, empirical therapy included an antifungal drug. Before blood culture sampling, BDG and Mn levels were elevated in 62.4% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Sensitivity at blood culture sampling was 78.6% (BDG) and 35.1% (Mn). BDG levels of non-survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors. During follow-up, a therapeutic response was associated with decreasing BDG and Mn levels in 84.3% or 70.5% of episodes, respectively. A median increase of 513 pg BDG\/mL and 390 pg Mn\/mL indicated a relapse of candidemia with a sensitivity of 80% or 46.7%, respectively. In 72.9% and 46.8% of patients, increasing BDG or Mn levels were associated with a fatal outcome. Prior to discharge, BDG and Mn levels had dropped or normalized in 65.7% or 82.1% of patients, respectively. Summarising, in patients with candidemia, biomarker positivity usually precedes culture positivity. Relapses are mostly accompanied by secondary biomarker increases. Rising concentrations of BDG and Mn predict lethality, whereas decreasing levels suggest a favorable outcome in the majority of patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00598-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T13:04:38Z","timestamp":1697115878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Detailed \u03b2-(1\u21923)-D-glucan and mannan antigen kinetics in patients with candidemia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Tr\u00e4ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-7404","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"Dr\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Universit\u00e4tsspital Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidonia","family":"Mihai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrallabor, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Cipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrallabor, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Busse Grawitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Epting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elfriede","family":"Rappold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1130-9727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Held","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a0f95d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.9.3640-3645.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.006452-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02473-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Storage Stability of (1\"3)-\u03b2-D-glucan in human serum","author":"Finkelman MAZ Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finkelman MAZ Y 2014. 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