{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:33:49Z","timestamp":1790901229133,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis with\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:italic>higella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            serotype 2a being the most prevalent in developing countries. Epidemiological surveillance in China found that a new serotype of\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            appeared in 2001 and replaced serotype 2a in 2003 as the most prevalent serotype in Henan Province. The new serotype also became the dominant serotype in 7 of the 10 other provinces under surveillance in China by 2007. The serotype was identified as a variant of serotype X. It differs from serotype X by agglutination to the monovalent anti-IV type antiserum and the group antigen-specific monoclonal antibody MASF IV-I. Genome sequencing of a serotype X variant isolate, 2002017, showed that it acquired a\n            <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n            serotype conversion island, also as an SfX bacteriophage, containing\n            <jats:italic>gtr<\/jats:italic>\n            genes for type X-specific glucosylation. Multilocus sequence typing of 15 genes from 37 serotype X variant isolates and 69 isolates of eight other serotypes, 1a, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5b, X, and Y, found that all belong to a new sequence type (ST), ST91. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 154 pulse types with 655\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates analyzed and identified 57 serotype switching events. The data suggest that\n            <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n            epidemics in China have been caused by a single epidemic clone, ST91, with frequent serotype switching to evade infection-induced immunity to serotypes to which the population was exposed previously. The clone has also acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. These findings underscore the challenges to the current vaccine development and control strategies for shigellosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00614-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,3]],"date-time":"2009-12-03T03:10:27Z","timestamp":1259809827000},"page":"419-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Emergence of a New Multidrug-Resistant Serotype X Variant in an Epidemic Clone of\n            <i>Shigella flexneri<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Changyun","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangzheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaomin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiqi","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. 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Box 5, Changping, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhemin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, P.O. 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