{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:22:22Z","timestamp":1774362142037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Point-of-care tests for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are needed. We studied the diagnostic accuracy of the lipoarabinomannan (LAM) lateral flow assay (LFA), LAM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Xpert MTB\/RIF in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an autopsy cohort of Ugandan HIV-infected adults. We obtained written informed consent postmortem from the next of kin. A complete autopsy was done and CSF obtained. We performed LAM LFA (on unprepared and supernatant CSF after heating and spinning), LAM ELISA, and Xpert MTB\/RIF on the CSF samples. Accuracy parameters were calculated for histopathological TBM and also for the composite standard, including Xpert MTB\/RIF-positive cases. We tested CSF of 91 patients. LAM LFA had a sensitivity of 75% for definite histopathological TBM, ELISA a sensitivity of 43%, and Xpert MTB\/RIF a sensitivity of 100% and specificities of 87%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. LAM LFA had a sensitivity of 50% for definite and probable histopathological TBM, ELISA a sensitivity of 38%, and Xpert MTB\/RIF a sensitivity of 86% and specificities of 70%, 91%, and 87%, respectively. LAM LFA had a sensitivity of 68% for the composite standard and ELISA a sensitivity of 48% and specificities of 78% and 98%, respectively. The rapid diagnostic tests detected TBM in 22% to 78% of patients not on anti-TB treatment. Point-of-care tests have high accuracy in diagnosis of TBM in deceased HIV-infected adults. LAM LFA in CSF is a useful additional diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00624-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T11:32:12Z","timestamp":1434022332000},"page":"2667-2673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Accuracy of Lipoarabinomannan and Xpert MTB\/RIF Testing in Cerebrospinal Fluid To Diagnose Tuberculous Meningitis in an Autopsy Cohort of HIV-Infected Adults"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Janneke A.","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Lukande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Kalungi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Van Marck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lammens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Van de Vijver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Oncology &amp; Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute\u2014Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kambugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari C.","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2013. 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