{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:10:28Z","timestamp":1791897028762,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>\n              As a potential side effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 pandemic, invasive group A\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n              (iGAS) infections in Europe have increased dramatically in both children and adults in the end of 2022. This epidemiological and molecular study describes the distributions of streptococcal genes encoding the M antigen (\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              types) and superantigens in patients with invasive and non-invasive GAS infections. From December 2022 to December 2023, a total of 163 GAS isolates were collected from sterile and non-sterile sites of patients at five hospitals in Germany including two tertiary care centers. Genes encoding M protein and superantigens were determined following the guidelines of CDC Streptococcus laboratory. Patients\u2019 characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Correlations of clinical factors,\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              types, and superantigens with rates of invasive infections were analyzed. Of the 163 included GAS cases, 112 (69%) were considered as invasive. In total, 33 different\n              <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic>\n              types were observed, of which\n              <jats:italic>emm1.0<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 49; 30%),\n              <jats:italic>emm89.0<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 15; 9%), and\n              <jats:italic>emm12.0<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n              = 14; 9%) were most prevalent. In total, 70% of\n              <jats:italic>emm1.0<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates belonged to M1\n              <jats:sub>UK<\/jats:sub>\n              lineage. No difference in invasive infections was observed for the M1\n              <jats:sub>UK<\/jats:sub>\n              lineage compared with other\n              <jats:italic>emm1.0<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates. However, the\n              <jats:italic>emm1.0<\/jats:italic>\n              type, presence of\n              <jats:italic>speA1-3<\/jats:italic>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>speG<\/jats:italic>\n              , or\n              <jats:italic>speJ<\/jats:italic>\n              , as well as adulthood were significantly associated with invasive infections. In contrast,\n              <jats:italic>emm12.0<\/jats:italic>\n              isolates were significantly less associated with invasive infections. Multivariable analysis confirmed a significant influence of\n              <jats:italic>speJ<\/jats:italic>\n              and adulthood on iGAS infections. This study underlines the importance of continuous monitoring of genomic trends and identification of emerging GAS variants. This may aid in delineating pathogenicity factors of\n              <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n              that propel invasive infections.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00637-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T13:22:01Z","timestamp":1720704121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Divergent effects of\n            <i>emm<\/i>\n            types 1 and 12 on invasive group A streptococcal infections\u2014results of a retrospective cohort study, Germany 2023"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0654-6381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ralph","family":"Bertram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4586-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Itzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Manzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1544-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Chapot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6574-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"van der Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Laboratory for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter-Michael","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Hitzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Innovation Management, Biostatistics and publication of clinical trial studies, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3181-3667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joerg","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0133"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes: basic biology to clinical manifestations","author":"Efstratiou A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Efstratiou A, Lamagni T. 2022. 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