{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:25:48Z","timestamp":1763036748987},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Sporadic and epidemiologically linked\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 379) isolated from fecal samples from human patients, tonsil or fecal samples from pigs collected at slaughterhouses, and pork samples collected at meat stores were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) with six loci, i.e., V2A, V4, V5, V6, V7, and V9. In total, 312 different MLVA types were found. Similar types were detected (i) in fecal samples collected from human patients over 2 to 3 consecutive years, (ii) in samples from humans and pigs, and (iii) in samples from pigs that originated from the same farms. Among porcine strains, we found farm-specific MLVA profiles. Variations in the numbers of tandem repeats from one to four for variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci V2A, V5, V6, and V7 were observed within a farm. MLVA was applicable for serotypes O:3, O:5,27, and O:9 and appeared to be a highly discriminating tool for distinguishing sporadic and outbreak-related strains. With long-term use, interpretation of the results became more challenging due to variations in more-discriminating loci, as was observed for strains originating from pig farms. Additionally, we encountered unexpectedly short V2A VNTR fragments and sequenced them. According to the sequencing results, updated guidelines for interpreting V2A VNTR results were prepared.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00710-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,2]],"date-time":"2013-05-02T07:43:15Z","timestamp":1367480595000},"page":"2154-2159","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis in Genotyping Yersinia enterocolitica Strains from Human and Porcine Origins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Laukkanen-Ninios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ortiz Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikkelin Seudun Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6palvelut, Mikkeli, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Siitonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fredriksson-Ahomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Korkeala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Pathogens and toxins in foods","author":"Fredriksson-Ahomaa M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fredriksson-AhomaaM Lindstr\u00f6mM KorkealaH. 2010. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, p 164\u2013180. In JunejaVK SofosJN (ed), Pathogens and toxins in foods. ASM Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m86-127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1973.tb00730.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004053221407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-42"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacDonaldE\nHeierB\nStalheimT\nCudjoeK\nSkjerdalT\nWesterA\nLindstedtB\nVoldL. 2011. Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 infections associated with bagged salad mix in Norway February to April 2011. 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