{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:32:50Z","timestamp":1781706770883,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a longitudinal field study in a swine breeding herd that presented with an outbreak of vesicular disease (VD) that was associated with an increase in neonatal mortality. Initially, a USDA Foreign Animal Disease (FAD) investigation confirmed the presence of Senecavirus A (SVA) and ruled out the presence of exotic agents that produce vesicular lesions, e.g., foot-and-mouth disease virus and others. Subsequently, serum samples, tonsil swabs, and feces were collected from sows (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>22) and their piglets (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic>33) beginning 1 week after the onset of the clinical outbreak and weekly for 6 weeks. The presence of SVA RNA was evaluated in all specimens collected by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) targeting a conserved region of the 5\u2032 untranslated region (5\u2032-UTR). The serological response (IgG) to SVA was evaluated by the weekly testing of sow and piglet serum samples on a SVA VP1 recombinant protein (rVP1) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rVP1 ELISA detected seroconversion against SVA in clinically affected and non-clinically affected sows at early stages of the outbreak as well as maternal SVA antibodies in offspring. Overall, the absence of vesicles (gross lesions) in SVA-infected animals and the variability of RT-qPCR results among specimen type demonstrated that a diagnostic algorithm based on the combination of clinical observations, RT-qPCR in multiple diagnostic specimens, and serology are essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis of SVA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00710-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T03:35:27Z","timestamp":1464233727000},"page":"2082-2089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Serological and Molecular Detection of Senecavirus A Associated with an Outbreak of Swine Idiopathic Vesicular Disease and Neonatal Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Luis Gabriel","family":"Gimenez-Lirola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Rademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Rotolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Pi\u00f1eyro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2425-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2008.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83570-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.115.6.1636","article-title":"Immune and antibody responses to an isolated capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus","volume":"115","author":"Bachrach HL","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bachrach HL, Moore DM, McKercher PD, Polatnick J. 1975. Immune and antibody responses to an isolated capsid protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Immunol 115:1636\u20131641.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816698"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1987.35369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1982.tb16008.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Idiopathic vesicular disease in a swine herd in Indiana","volume":"12","author":"Amass SF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amass SF, Schneider JL, Miller CA, Shawky SA, Stevenson GW, Woodruff ME. 2004. Idiopathic vesicular disease in a swine herd in Indiana. 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The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the 58th Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians","author":"Pi\u00f1eyro PE","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1eyro PE, Rademacher CJ, Derscheid RJ, Guo B, Yoon KJ, Zhang J, Harmon KM, Magstadt DR, Gauger PC, Chen Q, Arruda PHE, Stevenson GW, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Cooper VL, Arruda BL, Baum D, Zimmerman J, Gimenez-Lirola LG, Correia-Lima-Linhares D, Halbur PG, Main RG, Madson DM. Senecavirus A vesicular disease outbreak in Midwest show and commercial pigs. In Proceedings of the 58th Meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. 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