{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:47:14Z","timestamp":1791985634687,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The detection of carbapenemases in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains challenging due to a great variety of other resistance mechanisms, and most laboratories, therefore, do not test for them. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate seven phenotypic carbapenemase detection assays across three epidemiological settings. A total of 320\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from three German centers with varying carbapenemase prevalences (5.8%\u201351.4%), including 113 carbapenemase-producing isolates carrying VIM-2 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58), NDM-1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19), and GIM-1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16), underwent whole-genome sequencing as reference to assess seven phenotypic carbapenemase-detection tests: modified- and modified-zinc-supplemented carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM and mzCIM), simplified carbapenem inactivation method (sCIM), Carba NP, imipenem\u2013cloxacillin test (IC-4000), and two imipenem\u2013EDTA disk assays. Of all confirmation assays, mzCIM and sCIM showed the best overall performance for carbapenemase detection (sensitivity\/specificity: 100%\/94.2% and 99.1%\/92.8%), followed by mCIM (93.8%\/96.1%). Carba NP achieved the highest specificity (99.0%), but the lowest sensitivity (85.8%). EDTA-based assays and IC-4000 were highly sensitive (96.5%\u2013100%) but less specific (79.7%\u201387.0%). Negative predictive values were consistently high (\u226598%\u2013100%) across all assays and prevalence settings, whereas positive predictive values varied (72.5%\u201398.0%). Both mzCIM and sCIM exhibited robust performance for carbapenemase detection in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , representing the most suitable approach across diverse epidemiological settings. Their high negative predictive values indicate that these assays are particularly effective for ruling out carbapenemase production. Furthermore, both assays are cost-effective, simple to perform, and can be readily implemented in any routine microbiology laboratory.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This study provides comparative diagnostic accuracy data for seven phenotypic carbapenemase detection assays in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        (PA) across different prevalence settings. Modified-zinc-supplemented carbapenem inactivation method (mzCIM) and simplified carbapenem inactivation method (sCIM) are the most robust screening tools and show that local carbapenemase-producing\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                        (CP-PA) prevalence substantially influences the utility of all evaluated assays.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00714-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:02:28Z","timestamp":1789650148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of seven carbapenemase detection assays in\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    across different epidemiological settings: a multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9414-1045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lukas","family":"Schaffarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033n9gh91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01t0n2c80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Klinikum Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-1347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebekka","family":"Laufenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03srd4412","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"SYNLAB MVZ Leverkusen GmbH","place":["Leverkusen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2164-1443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Timo J. B. van","family":"Eldijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033n9gh91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6403-5646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Niels","family":"Pfennigwerth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, German National Reference Center for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria","place":["Bochum, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Gatermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tsk2644","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, German National Reference Center for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria","place":["Bochum, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1449-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Hamprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033n9gh91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01t0n2c80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Klinikum Oldenburg","place":["Oldenburg, Germany"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00rcxh774","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, University Hospital","place":["Cologne, Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2024. 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