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There is some evidence that the assemblages infecting humans (assemblages A and B) may have different transmission routes, but systematically acquired data, combining epidemiological and molecular findings, are required. We undertook a case-control study with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia<\/jats:named-content>genotyping in North West England, to determine general and parasite assemblage-specific risk factors. For people without a history of foreign travel, swimming in swimming pools and changing diapers were the most important risk factors for the disease. People infected with assemblage B reported a greater number of symptoms and higher frequencies of vomiting, abdominal pain, swollen stomach, and loss of appetite, compared with people infected with assemblage A. More importantly, keeping a dog was associated only with assemblage A infections, suggesting the presence of a potential zoonotic reservoir for this assemblage. This is the first case-control study to combine epidemiological data with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia<\/jats:named-content>genotyping, and it shows the importance of integrating these two levels of information for better understanding of the epidemiology of this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00715-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T02:15:17Z","timestamp":1436408117000},"page":"3133-3140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Sporadic Giardiasis and Parasite Assemblages in North West England"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Corrado","family":"Minetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Lamden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Cumbria and Lancashire Centre, Chorley, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Durband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cheesbrough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Cumbria and Lancashire Centre, Chorley, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Charlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Food, Water, and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Preston, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Wastling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. 2011. 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