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As a proof-of-concept experiment, we evaluated an empirical medium containing eukaryotic cell extracts for its ability to support the growth of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>. Here, we demonstrate the exponential growth of several bacterial strains, including the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>Nine Mile phase I and phase II strains, and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>isolates from humans and animals. Low-oxygen-tension conditions and the presence of small hydrophilic molecules and short peptides were critical for facilitating growth. Moreover, bacterial antigenicity was conserved, revealing the potential for this culture medium to be used in diagnostic tests and in the elaboration of vaccines against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>. We were also able to grow the majority of previously tested intracellular and fastidious bacterial species, including<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>spp.,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>spp., and most putative bioterrorism agents. However, we were unable to culture<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia africae<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>spp. in this medium. The versatility of this medium should encourage its use as a replacement for the cell-based culture systems currently used for growing several facultative and putative intracellular bacterial species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00719-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1370490877000},"page":"2599-2607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cell Extract-Containing Medium for Culture of Intracellular Fastidious Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Kowalczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Edouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Perreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Azza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14071-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812074106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02826-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m56-036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041354","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii genotyping","volume":"11","author":"Glazunova O","year":"2005","unstructured":"GlazunovaO RouxV FreylikmanO SekeyovaZ FournousG TyczkaJ TokarevichN KovacavaE MarrieTJ RaoultD. 2005. 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