{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:30:07Z","timestamp":1791412207085,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"IHU Mediterranee Infection"},{"name":"A*MIDEX project","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Kingella kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n is an important invasive pathogen in early childhood. The organism elaborates an RTX toxin presumably restricted to this species. Consequently, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the RTX locus have been developed in recent years and are gaining increasing use for the molecular diagnosis of\n K. kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n infections. However, the present study shows that\n Kingella negevensis<\/jats:named-content>\n , a\n Kingella<\/jats:named-content>\n species newly identified in young children, harbors an identical\n Kingella<\/jats:named-content>\n RTX locus, raising the question of whether\n K. negevensis<\/jats:named-content>\n can be misidentified as\n K. kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n by clinical microbiology laboratories.\n In silico<\/jats:named-content>\n comparison of\n Kingella<\/jats:named-content>\n sp. RTX and\n groEL<\/jats:italic>\n genes and\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n studies provided evidence that targeting the\n rtxA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n rtxB<\/jats:italic>\n genes could not differentiate between strains of\n K. kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n K. negevensis<\/jats:named-content>\n , whereas targeting the\n groEL<\/jats:italic>\n gene could. This prompted the design of a highly specific and sensitive qPCR assay targeting\n K. negevensis groEL<\/jats:named-content>\n (\n kngroEL<\/jats:italic>\n ). Ninety-nine culture-negative osteoarticular specimens from 99 children younger than 4 years of age were tested with a conventional 16S rRNA gene-based broad-range PCR assay and\n Kingella<\/jats:named-content>\n -specific\n rtxB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n K. kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n -specific\n groEL<\/jats:italic>\n (\n kkgroEL<\/jats:italic>\n ), and\n kngroEL<\/jats:italic>\n qPCR assays. Forty-two specimens were\n rtxB<\/jats:italic>\n positive, including 41 that were also\n kkgroEL<\/jats:italic>\n positive and 1 (the remaining one) that was\n kngroEL<\/jats:italic>\n positive. Thus, this study discloses an invasive infection caused by\n K. negevensis<\/jats:named-content>\n in humans and demonstrates that targeting the RTX locus cannot be used for the formal diagnosis of\n K. kingae<\/jats:named-content>\n infections. These findings stress the need for further studies on the epidemiology of asymptomatic carriage and invasive infections caused by\n K. negevensis<\/jats:named-content>\n in humans.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00736-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:40:15Z","timestamp":1502325615000},"page":"3113-3122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Molecular Tests That Target the RTX Locus Do Not Distinguish between Kingella kingae and the Recently Described Kingella negevensis Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawal","family":"El Houmami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janek","family":"Bzdrenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume Andr\u00e9","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Minodier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency, North Hospital, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Seligmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Prudent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofiane","family":"Bakour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bonacorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, IAME, UMR 1137, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Yagupsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Edouard","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Research Unit on Infectious and Emerging Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-51-3-377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Transfer of Moraxella kingae Henriksen and B\u00f8vre to the genus Kingella gen. nov. in the family Neisseriaceae","volume":"26","author":"Henriksen SD","year":"1976","unstructured":"Henriksen SD B\u00f8vre K . 1976. Transfer of Moraxella kingae Henriksen and B\u00f8vre to the genus Kingella gen. nov. in the family Neisseriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol26:447\u2013450.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"451","article-title":"Transfer of some saccharolytic Moraxella species to Kingella Henriksen and B\u00f8vre 1976, with descriptions of Kingella indologenes sp. nov. and Kingella denitrificans sp. nov","volume":"26","author":"Snell JJS","year":"1976","unstructured":"Snell JJS Lapage SP . 1976. Transfer of some saccharolytic Moraxella species to Kingella Henriksen and B\u00f8vre 1976, with descriptions of Kingella indologenes sp. nov. and Kingella denitrificans sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol26:451\u2013458.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-3-490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3526-3529.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001957"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01046-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.5.1278-1281.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000083848.93457.e7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000172153.10569.dc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000259954.88139.f4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00144-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47707-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01657-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.4.818-823.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2649204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-009-0233-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01319-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01636-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00571-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04223.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2263-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.1105132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181d4732f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-014-0549-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/21.2.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182a6df50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2644-2650.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02192-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01510-23","type":"expression_of_concern","label":"Expression of concern","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00736-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JCM.00736-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:55:27Z","timestamp":1646474127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JCM.00736-17"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JCM.00736-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00736-17","relation":{"expression_of_concern":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1128\/jcm.01510-23","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0095-1137","1098-660X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-1137","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-660X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}